<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><title>These highlights do not include all the information needed to use XIGDUO XR safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for XIGDUO XR.<br/>XIGDUO^®XR (dapagliflozin and metformin HCl extended-release) tablets, for oral use<br/>Initial U.S. Approval: 2014</title>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_be448237-9212-4f7d-84cd-469b54254082"> <id root="b2848ec6-f727-46cd-8bdb-dcaddd9aebd2"/> <code code="43683-2" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="RECENT MAJOR CHANGES SECTION"/> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <excerpt> <highlight> <text> <paragraph/> <paragraph>Indications and Usage <linkHtml href="#ID_7ce3622b-60a7-4025-bfb5-dabcbb3abf92">(1)</linkHtml>                                                                10/2019 </paragraph> <paragraph>Dosage and Administration <linkHtml href="#ID_d42dff5e-b19e-4650-bfd8-70dffd1c9590">(2)</linkHtml>                                                        10/2019</paragraph> <paragraph>Contraindications <linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">(4)</linkHtml>                                                                        02/2019</paragraph> <paragraph>Warnings and Precautions <linkHtml href="#ID_dde28068-53c1-4808-8f96-b2efac938d2c">(5.3)</linkHtml>                                                       01/2020</paragraph> <paragraph>Warnings and Precautions (<linkHtml href="#ID_9277ebe9-a529-48e1-ae46-9d3cd6366b12">5.4</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_6561d44c-3807-4ca8-9112-406a7215ebae">5.6</linkHtml>)                                                10/2019</paragraph> <paragraph>Warnings and Precautions <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">(5.1)</linkHtml>                                                       02/2019</paragraph> <paragraph>Warnings and Precautions (5.10, 5.11, 5.12)                   Removed 10/2019</paragraph> </text> </highlight> </excerpt> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_a592fc11-dc96-4aa1-b6f3-05d19579292f"> <id root="9fbb3da6-e1e0-4fa6-bf69-b5ea9ebe5774"/> <code code="34066-1" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="Boxed Warning section"/> <title>WARNING: LACTIC ACIDOSIS</title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">• Postmarketing cases of metformin-associated lactic acidosis have resulted in death, hypothermia, hypotension, and resistant bradyarrhythmias. The onset of metformin-associated lactic acidosis is often subtle, accompanied only by nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, myalgias, respiratory distress, somnolence, and abdominal pain. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis was characterized by elevated blood lactate levels (&gt;5 mmol/L), anion gap acidosis (without evidence of ketonuria or ketonemia), an increased lactate/pyruvate ratio; and metformin plasma levels generally &gt;5 mcg/mL <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">• Risk factors for metformin-associated lactic acidosis include renal impairment, concomitant use of certain drugs (e.g., carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as topiramate), age 65 years old or greater, having a radiological study with contrast, surgery and other procedures, hypoxic states (e.g., acute congestive heart failure), excessive alcohol intake, and hepatic impairment. </content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">• Steps to reduce the risk of and manage metformin-associated lactic acidosis in these high-risk groups are provided in the full prescribing information <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_e384c7d3-a941-4420-a351-62e5ee221f03">Dosage and Administration (2.2)</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">Contraindications (4)</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_32f89eec-631c-4cf1-a151-85830d08706f">Drug Interactions (7)</linkHtml>, and <linkHtml href="#ID_5636fe0b-d7d3-4048-998f-1a2edbe23c0c">Use in Specific Populations (8.6</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_90134b0e-f823-43ea-b171-17f30182cbf3">8.7</linkHtml>)]</content>.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">• If metformin-associated lactic acidosis is suspected, immediately discontinue XIGDUO XR and institute general supportive measures in a hospital setting. Prompt hemodialysis is recommended <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</content> </paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <excerpt> <highlight> <text> <paragraph>WARNING: LACTIC ACIDOSIS </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold"> <content styleCode="italics">See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.</content> </content> </paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">Postmarketing cases of metformin-associated lactic acidosis have resulted in death, hypothermia, hypotension, and resistant bradyarrhythmias. Symptoms included malaise, myalgias, respiratory distress, somnolence, and abdominal pain. Laboratory abnormalities included elevated blood lactate levels, anion gap acidosis, increased lactate/pyruvate ratio; and metformin plasma levels generally &gt;5 mcg/mL. <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">(5.1)</linkHtml> </content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">Risk factors include renal impairment, concomitant use of certain drugs, age &gt;65 years old, radiological studies with contrast, surgery and other procedures, hypoxic states, excessive alcohol intake, and hepatic impairment. Steps to reduce the risk of and manage metformin-associated lactic acidosis in these high-risk groups are provided in the Full Prescribing Information. <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">(5.1)</linkHtml> </content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">If lactic acidosis is suspected, discontinue XIGDUO XR and institute general supportive measures in a hospital setting. Prompt hemodialysis is recommended. <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">(5.1)</linkHtml> </content> </item> </list> </text> </highlight> </excerpt> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_7ce3622b-60a7-4025-bfb5-dabcbb3abf92"> <id root="58a3e062-f7f5-4902-9504-5daf9e91a8e9"/> <code code="34067-9" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="INDICATIONS &amp; USAGE SECTION"/> <title>1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE</title> <text> <paragraph>XIGDUO XR is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">Dapagliflozin is indicated to reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) or multiple cardiovascular (CV) risk factors.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="underline">Limitations of Use</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>XIGDUO XR is not recommended for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <excerpt> <highlight> <text> <paragraph>XIGDUO XR is a combination of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, and metformin, a biguanide, indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. <linkHtml href="#ID_7ce3622b-60a7-4025-bfb5-dabcbb3abf92">(1)</linkHtml> </paragraph> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin is indicated in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus to reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors. <linkHtml href="#ID_7ce3622b-60a7-4025-bfb5-dabcbb3abf92">(1)</linkHtml> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="underline">Limitations of use</content>:</paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>Not for treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis. <linkHtml href="#ID_7ce3622b-60a7-4025-bfb5-dabcbb3abf92">(1)</linkHtml> </item> </list> </text> </highlight> </excerpt> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_d42dff5e-b19e-4650-bfd8-70dffd1c9590"> <id root="22c6628f-970b-412e-8f3f-18fab2244ce9"/> <code code="34068-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="DOSAGE &amp; ADMINISTRATION SECTION"/> <title>2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <excerpt> <highlight> <text> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>Assess renal function before initiating. Do not initiate or continue if eGFR is below 45 mL/min/1.73 m². (<linkHtml href="#ID_3e69407b-40b2-422e-aea7-e70e17894190">2.1</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">4)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Individualize the starting dose based on the patient’s current treatment. <linkHtml href="#ID_e384c7d3-a941-4420-a351-62e5ee221f03">(2.2)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Administer once daily in the morning with food. <linkHtml href="#ID_e384c7d3-a941-4420-a351-62e5ee221f03">(2.2)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Swallow whole. Never crush, cut, or chew. <linkHtml href="#ID_e384c7d3-a941-4420-a351-62e5ee221f03">(2.2)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>For patients not already taking dapagliflozin, the recommended starting dose for dapagliflozin is 5 mg once daily. <linkHtml href="#ID_e384c7d3-a941-4420-a351-62e5ee221f03">(2.2)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>The recommended dose of dapagliflozin to reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure is 10 mg once daily. <linkHtml href="#ID_e384c7d3-a941-4420-a351-62e5ee221f03">(2.2)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>For patients requiring a dose of 5 mg dapagliflozin and 2000 mg metformin HCl extended-release, use two of the 2.5 mg/1000 mg metformin HCl extended-release tablets. <linkHtml href="#ID_e384c7d3-a941-4420-a351-62e5ee221f03">(2.2)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Do not exceed a daily dose of 10 mg dapagliflozin/2000 mg metformin HCl extended-release. <linkHtml href="#ID_e384c7d3-a941-4420-a351-62e5ee221f03">(2.2)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>No dosage adjustment is indicated in patients with eGFR greater or equal to 45 mL/min/1.73 m². <linkHtml href="#ID_951c90ff-c685-4232-9d57-0c59e1ab967a">(2.3)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>XIGDUO XR may need to be discontinued at time of, or prior to, iodinated contrast imaging procedures. <linkHtml href="#ID_50d8593f-bf93-460c-b8e7-60b3055684e1">(2.4)</linkHtml> </item> </list> </text> </highlight> </excerpt> <component> <section ID="ID_3e69407b-40b2-422e-aea7-e70e17894190"> <id root="f0733f6c-f7fb-4014-aaec-12d43e69a553"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>2.1 Prior to Initiation of XIGDUO XR</title> <text> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">Assess renal function before initiating XIGDUO XR therapy and periodically thereafter <content styleCode="italics">[see Warnings and Precautions (<linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">5.1</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_9277ebe9-a529-48e1-ae46-9d3cd6366b12">5.4</linkHtml>)]</content>.</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">In patients with volume depletion, correct this condition prior to initiation of XIGDUO XR <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_257b1347-9224-4796-a6f5-f917b2fa1e32">Warnings and Precautions (5.2)</linkHtml> and Use in Specific Populations (<linkHtml href="#ID_6694aa18-0b1b-40da-908b-e4cb32299ac0">8.5</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_5636fe0b-d7d3-4048-998f-1a2edbe23c0c">8.6</linkHtml>)]</content>. </content> </item> </list> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_e384c7d3-a941-4420-a351-62e5ee221f03"> <id root="8470a62d-0f9c-4065-9856-339b26c5f6e8"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>2.2 Recommended Dosage</title> <text> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">Take XIGDUO XR once daily in the morning with food.</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">Swallow XIGDUO XR tablets whole and never crush, cut, or chew. Occasionally, the inactive ingredients of XIGDUO XR will be eliminated in the feces as a soft, hydrated mass that may resemble the original tablet.</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">Individualize the starting dose of XIGDUO XR based upon the patient’s current regimen. </content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">To improve glycemic control for patients not already taking dapagliflozin, the recommended starting dose for dapagliflozin is 5 mg once daily.</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">To reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure, the recommended dose for dapagliflozin is 10 mg once daily.</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">For patients requiring a dose of 5 mg dapagliflozin and 2000 mg metformin HCl extended-release, use two of the 2.5 mg dapagliflozin/1000 mg metformin HCl extended-release tablets.</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">Dosing may be adjusted based on effectiveness and tolerability while not exceeding the maximum recommended daily dose of 10 mg dapagliflozin and 2000 mg metformin HCl.</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">Patients taking an evening dose of metformin XR should skip their last dose before starting XIGDUO XR.</content> </item> </list> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_951c90ff-c685-4232-9d57-0c59e1ab967a"> <id root="e2cc1df5-1439-4aec-b8c6-e582db3472e6"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>2.3 Patients with Renal Impairment </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">XIGDUO XR is contraindicated in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 30 mL/min/1.73 m² <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">Contraindications (4)</linkHtml>, Warnings and Precautions (<linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">5.1</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_9277ebe9-a529-48e1-ae46-9d3cd6366b12">5.4</linkHtml>), and <linkHtml href="#ID_5636fe0b-d7d3-4048-998f-1a2edbe23c0c">Use in Specific Populations (8.6)</linkHtml>]</content>.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">No dose adjustment for XIGDUO XR is needed in patients with an eGFR greater than or equal to 45 mL/min/1.73 m².</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">XIGDUO XR is not recommended in patients with an eGFR below 45 mL/min/1.73 m². </content> </paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_50d8593f-bf93-460c-b8e7-60b3055684e1"> <id root="26e5fce5-ce40-4286-9714-afbe71a92549"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>2.4 Discontinuation for Iodinated Contrast Imaging Procedures </title> <text> <paragraph>Discontinue XIGDUO XR at the time of, or prior to, an iodinated contrast imaging procedure in patients with a history of liver disease, alcoholism or heart failure; or in patients who will be administered intra-arterial iodinated contrast. Re-evaluate eGFR 48 hours after the imaging procedure; restart XIGDUO XR if renal function is stable <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_847487b4-1664-48eb-9f33-900d946b2c75"> <id root="5e2f9c62-847f-4e6e-9c47-1ff778b76b77"/> <code code="43678-2" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="DOSAGE FORMS &amp; STRENGTHS SECTION"/> <title>3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS</title> <text> <paragraph>XIGDUO XR (dapagliflozin and metformin HCl) extended-release tablets are available as follows:</paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>2.5 mg/1000 mg tablets are light brown to brown, biconvex, oval-shaped, and film-coated tablets with "1074" and "2.5/1000" debossed on one side and plain on the reverse side.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>5 mg/500 mg tablets are orange, biconvex, capsule-shaped, and film-coated tablets with "1070" and "5/500" debossed on one side and plain on the reverse side.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>5 mg/1000 mg tablets are pink to dark pink, biconvex, oval-shaped, and film-coated tablets with "1071" and "5/1000" debossed on one side and plain on the reverse side.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>10 mg/500 mg tablets are pink, biconvex, capsule-shaped, and film-coated tablets with "1072" and "10/500" debossed on one side and plain on the reverse side.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>10 mg/1000 mg tablets are yellow to dark yellow, biconvex, oval-shaped, and film-coated tablets with "1073" and "10/1000" debossed on one side and plain on the reverse side.</item> </list> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <excerpt> <highlight> <text> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>2.5 mg dapagliflozin/1000 mg metformin HCl extended-release <linkHtml href="#ID_847487b4-1664-48eb-9f33-900d946b2c75">(3)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>5 mg dapagliflozin/500 mg metformin HCl extended-release <linkHtml href="#ID_847487b4-1664-48eb-9f33-900d946b2c75">(3)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>5 mg dapagliflozin/1000 mg metformin HCl extended-release <linkHtml href="#ID_847487b4-1664-48eb-9f33-900d946b2c75">(3)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>10 mg dapagliflozin/500 mg metformin HCl extended-release <linkHtml href="#ID_847487b4-1664-48eb-9f33-900d946b2c75">(3)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>10 mg dapagliflozin/1000 mg metformin HCl extended-release <linkHtml href="#ID_847487b4-1664-48eb-9f33-900d946b2c75">(3)</linkHtml> </item> </list> </text> </highlight> </excerpt> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6"> <id root="312e13ab-3e76-4e04-95c3-354e0abfe19a"/> <code code="34070-3" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION"/> <title>4 CONTRAINDICATIONS</title> <text> <paragraph>XIGDUO XR is contraindicated in patients with: </paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">Severe renal impairment (eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73 m²), end stage renal disease or patients on dialysis <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>. </content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">History of a serious hypersensitivity reaction to dapagliflozin, such as anaphylactic reactions or angioedema, or hypersensitivity to metformin HCl </content> <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#_6.1__Clinical">Adverse Reactions (6.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis, with or without coma. Diabetic ketoacidosis should be treated with insulin.</item> </list> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <excerpt> <highlight> <text> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>Severe renal impairment: (eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73 m²), end-stage renal disease or dialysis. (<linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">4</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">5.1</linkHtml>)</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>History of serious hypersensitivity to dapagliflozin or hypersensitivity to metformin HCl. (<linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">4</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#_6.1__Clinical">6.1</linkHtml>)</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis. (<linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">4</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">5.1</linkHtml>)</item> </list> </text> </highlight> </excerpt> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_eee95a44-5446-4226-ada2-4f7444e31cc9"> <id root="2e129194-2e03-43cd-b590-f53edcebbbff"/> <code code="43685-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION"/> <title>5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <excerpt> <highlight> <text> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Lactic Acidosis</content>: See boxed warning (<linkHtml href="#ID_951c90ff-c685-4232-9d57-0c59e1ab967a">2.3</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">4</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">5.1</linkHtml>)</item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Hypotension</content>: Before initiating XIGDUO XR, assess and correct volume status in the elderly, patients with renal impairment or low systolic blood pressure, and in patients on diuretics. Monitor for signs and symptoms during therapy. (<linkHtml href="#ID_257b1347-9224-4796-a6f5-f917b2fa1e32">5.2</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#_6.1__Clinical">6.1</linkHtml>)</item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Ketoacidosis:</content> Assess patients who present with signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis for ketoacidosis regardless of blood glucose level. If suspected, discontinue XIGDUO XR, evaluate and treat promptly. Before initiating XIGDUO XR, consider risk factors for ketoacidosis. Patients on XIGDUO XR may require monitoring and temporary discontinuation of therapy in clinical situations known to predispose to ketoacidosis. <linkHtml href="#ID_dde28068-53c1-4808-8f96-b2efac938d2c">(5.3)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Acute Kidney Injury:</content> Consider temporarily discontinuing in settings of reduced oral intake or fluid losses. If acute kidney injury occurs, discontinue and promptly treat. Monitor renal function during therapy. <linkHtml href="#ID_9277ebe9-a529-48e1-ae46-9d3cd6366b12">(5.4)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Urosepsis and Pyelonephritis:</content> Evaluate patients for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections and treat promptly, if indicated. <linkHtml href="#ID_c56c4bc9-72c3-401b-abbf-1d4de5ab2f0e">(5.5)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Hypoglycemia</content>: In patients taking insulin or an insulin secretagogue with XIGDUO XR, consider a lower dose of insulin or the insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. <linkHtml href="#ID_6561d44c-3807-4ca8-9112-406a7215ebae">(5.6)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Perineum (Fournier’s Gangrene):</content> Serious, life-threatening cases have occurred in both females and males. Assess patients presenting with pain or tenderness, erythema, or swelling in the genital or perineal area, along with fever or malaise. If suspected, institute prompt treatment. (<linkHtml href="#ID_4f503774-6716-442f-918f-5d7e0643e53a">5.7</linkHtml>)</item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Vitamin B₁₂ Deficiency</content>: Metformin may lower vitamin B₁₂ levels. Measure hematological parameters annually. (<linkHtml href="#ID_4478f31d-bd37-4800-9bb6-a025f19cdce9">5.8</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#_6.1__Clinical">6.1</linkHtml>)</item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Genital Mycotic Infections</content>: Monitor and treat if indicated. <linkHtml href="#ID_b78e2313-4066-4239-8179-ccce48af19b8">(5.9)</linkHtml> </item> </list> </text> </highlight> </excerpt> <component> <section ID="ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c"> <id root="29d0e8f6-139c-4430-b80a-8941cad2f2e6"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>5.1 Lactic Acidosis</title> <text> <paragraph>There have been post-marketing cases of metformin-associated lactic acidosis, including fatal cases. These cases had a subtle onset and were accompanied by nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, myalgias, abdominal pain, respiratory distress, or increased somnolence; however, hypothermia, hypotension and resistant bradyarrhythmias have occurred with severe acidosis. </paragraph> <paragraph>Metformin-associated lactic acidosis was characterized by elevated blood lactate concentrations (&gt;5 mmol/L), anion gap acidosis (without evidence of ketonuria or ketonemia), and an increased lactate: pyruvate ratio; metformin plasma levels generally &gt;5 mcg/mL. Metformin decreases liver uptake of lactate increasing lactate blood levels which may increase the risk of lactic acidosis, especially in patients at risk.</paragraph> <paragraph>If metformin-associated lactic acidosis is suspected, general supportive measures should be instituted promptly in a hospital setting, along with immediate discontinuation of XIGDUO XR. </paragraph> <paragraph>In XIGDUO XR-treated patients with a diagnosis or strong suspicion of lactic acidosis, prompt hemodialysis is recommended to correct the acidosis and remove accumulated metformin (metformin HCl is dialyzable, with a clearance of up to 170 mL/min under good hemodynamic conditions). Hemodialysis has often resulted in reversal of symptoms and recovery.</paragraph> <paragraph>Educate patients and their families about the symptoms of lactic acidosis and if these symptoms occur instruct them to discontinue XIGDUO XR and report these symptoms to their healthcare provider.</paragraph> <paragraph>For each of the known and possible risk factors for metformin-associated lactic acidosis, recommendations to reduce the risk of and manage metformin-associated lactic acidosis are provided below:</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Renal Impairment</content>: The postmarketing metformin-associated lactic acidosis cases primarily occurred in patients with significant renal impairment. The risk of metformin accumulation and metformin-associated lactic acidosis increases with the severity of renal impairment because metformin is substantially excreted by the kidney. Clinical recommendations based upon the patient’s renal function include <content styleCode="italics">[see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_951c90ff-c685-4232-9d57-0c59e1ab967a">Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.3)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics"> and <linkHtml href="#ID_d6dc0e98-1d64-4ccd-b10a-fdb3cfa954b9">Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)</linkHtml>]</content>:</paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>Before initiating XIGDUO XR, obtain an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).</item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="xmChange">XIGDUO XR is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m² <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">Contraindications (4)</linkHtml>]</content>.</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Obtain an eGFR at least annually in all patients taking XIGDUO XR. In patients at increased risk for the development of renal impairment (e.g., the elderly), renal function should be assessed more frequently.</item> </list> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Drug Interactions:</content> The concomitant use of XIGDUO XR with specific drugs may increase the risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis: those that impair renal function, result in significant hemodynamic change, interfere with acid-base balance or increase metformin accumulation (e.g., cationic drugs) <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_32f89eec-631c-4cf1-a151-85830d08706f">Drug Interactions (7)</linkHtml>]</content>. Therefore, consider more frequent monitoring of patients.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Age 65 or Greater:</content> The risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis increases with the patient’s age because elderly patients have a greater likelihood of having hepatic, renal, or cardiac impairment than younger patients. Assess renal function more frequently in elderly patients <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_6694aa18-0b1b-40da-908b-e4cb32299ac0">Use in Specific Populations (8.5)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Radiological Studies with Contrast:</content> Administration of intravascular iodinated contrast agents in metformin-treated patients has led to an acute decrease in renal function and the occurrence of lactic acidosis. Stop XIGDUO XR at the time of, or prior to, an iodinated contrast imaging procedure in patients with a history of hepatic impairment, alcoholism, or heart failure; or in patients who will be administered intra-arterial iodinated contrast. Re-evaluate eGFR 48 hours after the imaging procedure, and restart XIGDUO XR if renal function is stable.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Surgery and Other Procedures:</content> Withholding of food and fluids during surgical or other procedures may increase the risk for volume depletion, hypotension and renal impairment. XIGDUO XR should be temporarily discontinued while patients have restricted food and fluid intake.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Hypoxic States:</content> Several of the postmarketing cases of metformin-associated lactic acidosis occurred in the setting of acute congestive heart failure (particularly when accompanied by hypoperfusion and hypoxemia). Cardiovascular collapse (shock), acute myocardial infarction, sepsis, and other conditions associated with hypoxemia have been associated with lactic acidosis and may also cause prerenal azotemia. When such events occur, discontinue XIGDUO XR.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Excessive Alcohol Intake:</content> Alcohol potentiates the effect of metformin on lactate metabolism and this may increase the risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis. Warn patients against excessive alcohol intake while receiving XIGDUO XR.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Hepatic Impairment:</content> Patients with hepatic impairment have developed with cases of metformin-associated lactic acidosis. This may be due to impaired lactate clearance resulting in higher lactate blood levels. Therefore, avoid use of XIGDUO XR in patients with clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatic disease.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_257b1347-9224-4796-a6f5-f917b2fa1e32"> <id root="c461076d-7510-41dd-9708-b0ea732c5be4"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>5.2 Hypotension</title> <text> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin causes intravascular volume contraction. Symptomatic hypotension can occur after initiating dapagliflozin <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#_6.1__Clinical">Adverse Reactions (6.1)</linkHtml>]</content>, particularly in patients with impaired renal function (eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m²), elderly patients, or patients on loop diuretics.</paragraph> <paragraph>Before initiating XIGDUO XR in patients with one or more of these characteristics, volume status should be assessed and corrected. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension after initiating therapy.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_dde28068-53c1-4808-8f96-b2efac938d2c"> <id root="dcf06668-42fa-41ba-af7c-10e92d1ead7f"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>5.3 Ketoacidosis </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">Reports of ketoacidosis, a serious life-threatening condition requiring urgent hospitalization have been identified in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus taking sodium-glucose co transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including dapagliflozin <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_32648437-a6d1-4cb6-9df3-18007cd6ba0c">Adverse Reactions (6.1)</linkHtml>]</content>. Fatal cases of ketoacidosis have been reported in patients taking dapagliflozin. XIGDUO XR is not indicated for the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_7ce3622b-60a7-4025-bfb5-dabcbb3abf92">Indications and Usage (1)</linkHtml>]</content>. </content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Patients treated with XIGDUO XR who present with signs and symptoms consistent with severe metabolic acidosis should be assessed for ketoacidosis regardless of blood glucose levels as ketoacidosis associated with XIGDUO XR may be present even if blood glucose levels are less than 250 mg/dL. If ketoacidosis is suspected, XIGDUO XR should be discontinued, the patient should be evaluated, and prompt treatment should be instituted. Treatment of ketoacidosis may require insulin, fluid, and carbohydrate replacement.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">In many of the postmarketing reports, and particularly in patients with type 1 diabetes, the presence of ketoacidosis was not immediately recognized, and the institution of treatment was delayed because the presenting blood glucose levels were below those typically expected for diabetic ketoacidosis (often less than 250 mg/dL). Signs and symptoms at presentation were consistent with dehydration and severe metabolic acidosis and included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, generalized malaise, and shortness of breath. In some but not all cases, factors predisposing to ketoacidosis, such as insulin dose reduction, acute febrile illness, reduced caloric intake, surgery, pancreatic disorders suggesting insulin deficiency (e.g., type 1 diabetes, history of pancreatitis or pancreatic surgery), and alcohol abuse were identified.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Before initiating XIGDUO XR, consider factors in the patient history that may predispose to ketoacidosis, including pancreatic insulin deficiency from any cause, caloric restriction and alcohol abuse. </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">For patients who undergo scheduled surgery, consider temporarily discontinuing XIGDUO XR for at least 3 days prior to surgery <content styleCode="italics">[see Clinical Pharmacology <linkHtml href="#ID_59ef6e2e-345e-434d-9e3f-7739796e3c76">(12.2</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_d6dc0e98-1d64-4ccd-b10a-fdb3cfa954b9">12.3)</linkHtml>]</content>. </content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">Consider monitoring for ketoacidosis and temporarily discontinuing XIGDUO XR in other clinical situations known to predispose to ketoacidosis (e.g., prolonged fasting due to acute illness or post-surgery). Ensure risk factors for ketoacidosis are resolved prior to restarting XIGDUO XR.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">Educate patients on the signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis and instruct patients to discontinue XIGDUO XR and seek medical attention immediately if signs and symptoms occur.</content> </paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_9277ebe9-a529-48e1-ae46-9d3cd6366b12"> <id root="0d821020-260f-43d3-87d9-ae412b7ce8c4"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="xmChange">5.4 Acute Kidney Injury</content> <content styleCode="xmChange"/> </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">Dapagliflozin causes intravascular volume contraction <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warning and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>, and can cause acute kidney injury. There have been postmarketing reports of acute kidney injury, some requiring hospitalization and dialysis, in patients receiving dapagliflozin.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">Increases in serum creatinine and decreases in estimated GFR may also be observed with initiation of dapagliflozin. Elderly patients and patients with impaired renal function may be more susceptible to these changes. Before initiating dapagliflozin, consider factors that may predispose patients to acute kidney injury including hypovolemia, chronic renal insufficiency, congestive heart failure and concomitant medications (diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs). Consider temporarily discontinuing dapagliflozin in the setting of reduced oral intake (such as acute illness or fasting) or fluid losses (such as gastrointestinal illness or excessive heat exposure); monitor patients for signs and symptoms of acute kidney injury. If acute kidney injury occurs, discontinue dapagliflozin promptly and institute treatment.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">Renal function should be evaluated prior to initiation of XIGDUO XR and monitored periodically thereafter. Use of XIGDUO XR is not recommended when the eGFR is less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m². XIGDUO XR is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73 m² <content styleCode="italics"> [see </content> </content> <content styleCode="xmChange"> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_951c90ff-c685-4232-9d57-0c59e1ab967a">Dosage and Administration (2.3)</linkHtml> </content> </content> <content styleCode="xmChange"> <content styleCode="italics">, <linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">Contraindications (4)</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>, and <linkHtml href="#ID_5636fe0b-d7d3-4048-998f-1a2edbe23c0c">Use in Specific Populations (8.6)</linkHtml>]</content>.</content> </paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_c56c4bc9-72c3-401b-abbf-1d4de5ab2f0e"> <id root="b1ec8d55-2feb-41ea-ba89-b775da9d22dc"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>5.5 Urosepsis and Pyelonephritis </title> <text> <paragraph>There have been postmarketing reports of serious urinary tract infections including urosepsis and pyelonephritis requiring hospitalization in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors, including dapagliflozin. Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors increases the risk for urinary tract infections. Evaluate patients for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections and treat promptly, if indicated <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_a113ef81-e823-417a-882f-e881673ef891">Adverse Reactions (6.2)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_6561d44c-3807-4ca8-9112-406a7215ebae"> <id root="633fade8-3f90-407a-9f92-52f07b46a170"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>5.6 Hypoglycemia with Concomitant Use with Insulin and Insulin Secretagogues</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_b69c90b0-8b77-4042-a551-847649e5ac9b"> <id root="50f789dc-3a22-45e6-bb3e-cc25639f60e2"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="xmChange">Insulin and insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylurea) are known to cause hypoglycemia. XIGDUO XR may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when combined with insulin and/or an insulin secretagogue <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_32648437-a6d1-4cb6-9df3-18007cd6ba0c">Adverse Reactions (6.1)</linkHtml>]</content>. Therefore, a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue may be required to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia when used in combination with XIGDUO XR <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_234d9794-a0e7-45e6-abe0-fe1f8e320122">Drug Interactions (7.6)</linkHtml>]</content>.</content> </paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_4f503774-6716-442f-918f-5d7e0643e53a"> <id root="fed012b7-863c-492e-912c-19746e566513"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>5.7 Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Perineum (Fournier’s Gangrene) </title> <text> <paragraph>Reports of necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum (Fournier’s Gangrene), a rare but serious and life-threatening necrotizing infection requiring urgent surgical intervention, have been identified in postmarketing surveillance in patients with diabetes mellitus receiving SGLT2 inhibitors, including dapagliflozin. Cases have been reported in both females and males. Serious outcomes have included hospitalization, multiple surgeries, and death.</paragraph> <paragraph>Patients treated with XIGDUO XR presenting with pain or tenderness, erythema, or swelling in the genital or perineal area, along with fever or malaise, should be assessed for necrotizing fasciitis. If suspected, start treatment immediately with broad-spectrum antibiotics and, if necessary, surgical debridement. Discontinue XIGDUO XR, closely monitor blood glucose levels, and provide appropriate alternative therapy for glycemic control.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_4478f31d-bd37-4800-9bb6-a025f19cdce9"> <id root="67f02b51-74ba-409a-b1c3-ee0812ce4209"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>5.8 Vitamin B₁₂ Concentrations</title> <text> <paragraph>In controlled clinical trials of metformin of 29-week duration, a decrease to subnormal levels of previously normal serum vitamin B₁₂ levels, without clinical manifestations, was observed in approximately 7% of patients. Such decrease, possibly due to interference with B₁₂ absorption from the B₁₂-intrinsic factor complex, may be associated with anemia but appears to be rapidly reversible with discontinuation of metformin or vitamin B₁₂ supplementation. Certain individuals (those with inadequate vitamin B₁₂ or calcium intake or absorption) appear to be predisposed to developing subnormal vitamin B₁₂ levels. Measure hematologic parameters on an annual basis and vitamin B₁₂ at 2- to 3-year intervals in patients on XIGDUO XR and manage any abnormalities <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_32648437-a6d1-4cb6-9df3-18007cd6ba0c">Adverse Reactions (6.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_b78e2313-4066-4239-8179-ccce48af19b8"> <id root="334115d4-de9a-4cb4-ad6c-efd8ee943ed3"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>5.9 Genital Mycotic Infections</title> <text> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin increases the risk of genital mycotic infections. Patients with a history of genital mycotic infections were more likely to develop genital mycotic infections <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#_6.1__Clinical">Adverse Reactions (6.1)</linkHtml>]</content>. Monitor and treat appropriately.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_b5ae5a29-570e-4aef-99f2-d86a70830f38"> <id root="05765c70-c1d0-4db9-8792-dab058a508e5"/> <code code="34084-4" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION"/> <title>6 ADVERSE REACTIONS </title> <text> <paragraph>The following important adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in the labeling:</paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>Lactic Acidosis <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_a592fc11-dc96-4aa1-b6f3-05d19579292f">Boxed Warning</linkHtml> and <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Hypotension <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_257b1347-9224-4796-a6f5-f917b2fa1e32">Warnings and Precautions (5.2)</linkHtml>]</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Ketoacidosis <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_dde28068-53c1-4808-8f96-b2efac938d2c">Warnings and Precautions (5.3)</linkHtml>]</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Acute Kidney Injury <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9277ebe9-a529-48e1-ae46-9d3cd6366b12">Warnings and Precautions (5.4)</linkHtml>]</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Urosepsis and Pyelonephritis <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_c56c4bc9-72c3-401b-abbf-1d4de5ab2f0e">Warnings and Precautions (5.5)</linkHtml>]</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Use with Medications Known to Cause Hypoglycemia <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_6561d44c-3807-4ca8-9112-406a7215ebae">Warnings and Precautions (5.6)</linkHtml>]</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Perineum (Fournier’s Gangrene) <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_4f503774-6716-442f-918f-5d7e0643e53a">Warnings and Precautions (5.7)</linkHtml>]</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Vitamin B₁₂ Concentrations <content styleCode="italics">[see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_4478f31d-bd37-4800-9bb6-a025f19cdce9">Warnings and Precautions (5.8)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">]</content> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Genital Mycotic Infections <content styleCode="italics">[see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_b78e2313-4066-4239-8179-ccce48af19b8">Warnings and Precautions (5.9)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">]</content> </item> </list> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <excerpt> <highlight> <text> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>The most common adverse reactions associated with XIGDUO XR (5% or greater incidence) were female genital mycotic infection, nasopharyngitis, urinary tract infection, diarrhea, and headache. <linkHtml href="#ID_32648437-a6d1-4cb6-9df3-18007cd6ba0c">(6.1)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Adverse reactions reported in &gt;5% of patients treated with metformin extended-release and more commonly than in patients treated with placebo are: diarrhea and nausea/vomiting. <linkHtml href="#ID_32648437-a6d1-4cb6-9df3-18007cd6ba0c">(6.1)</linkHtml> </item> </list> <paragraph>To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact AstraZeneca at 1-800-236-9933 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or <linkHtml href="http://www.fda.gov/medwatch">www.fda.gov/medwatch.</linkHtml> </paragraph> </text> </highlight> </excerpt> <component> <section ID="ID_32648437-a6d1-4cb6-9df3-18007cd6ba0c"> <id root="734153f0-fb82-4683-9396-172d710b0c32"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>6.1 Clinical Trials Experience </title> <text> <paragraph>Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_0a99f845-fce6-4a3b-9b87-d363abe6b0a3"> <id root="c0b705a7-9324-43b9-995f-6c2ef601f7bb"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin and Metformin HCl</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Data from a prespecified pool of patients from 8 short-term, placebo-controlled studies of dapagliflozin coadministered with metformin immediate- or extended-release was used to evaluate safety. This pool included several add-on studies (metformin alone and in combination with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPP4] inhibitor and metformin, or insulin and metformin, 2 initial combination with metformin studies, and 2 studies of patients with CVD and type 2 diabetes who received their usual treatment [with metformin as background therapy]). For studies that included background therapy with and without metformin, only patients who received metformin were included in the 8-study placebo-controlled pool. Across these 8 studies 983 patients were treated once daily with dapagliflozin 10 mg and metformin and 1185 were treated with placebo and metformin. These 8 studies provide a mean duration of exposure of 23 weeks. The mean age of the population was 57 years and 2% were older than 75 years. Fifty-four percent (54%) of the population was male; 88% White, 6% Asian, and 3% Black or African American. At baseline, the population had diabetes for an average of 8 years, mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 8.4%, and renal function was normal or mildly impaired in 90% of patients and moderately impaired in 10% of patients.</paragraph> <paragraph>The overall incidence of adverse events for the 8-study, short-term, placebo-controlled pool in patients treated with dapagliflozin 10 mg and metformin was 60.3% compared to 58.2% for the placebo and metformin group. Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events in patients who received dapagliflozin 10 mg and metformin was 4% compared to 3.3% for the placebo and metformin group. The most commonly reported events leading to discontinuation and reported in at least 3 patients treated with dapagliflozin 10 mg and metformin were renal impairment (0.7%), increased blood creatinine (0.2%), decreased renal creatinine clearance (0.2%), and urinary tract infection (0.2%).</paragraph> <paragraph>Table 1 shows common adverse reactions associated with the use of dapagliflozin and metformin. These adverse reactions were not present at baseline, occurred more commonly on dapagliflozin and metformin than on placebo, and occurred in at least 2% of patients treated with either dapagliflozin 5 mg or dapagliflozin 10 mg.</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 1: Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled Studies Reported in ≥2% of Patients Treated with Dapagliflozin and Metformin</caption> <col width="45%"/> <col width="15%"/> <col width="19%"/> <col width="19%"/> <thead> <tr> <th align="left" rowspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Adverse Reaction</content> </th> <th align="center" colspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">% of Patients </content> </th> </tr> <tr> <th align="center" colspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Pool of 8 Placebo-Controlled Studies</content> </th> </tr> <tr> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Placebo and Metformin<br/>N=1185</content> </th> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin<br/>5 mg and Metformin<br/>N=410</content> </th> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin<br/>10 mg and Metformin<br/>N=983</content> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Female genital mycotic infections<footnote ID="_Ref454353552">Genital mycotic infections include the following adverse reactions, listed in order of frequency reported for females: vulvovaginal mycotic infection, vaginal infection, genital infection, vulvovaginitis, fungal genital infection, vulvovaginal candidiasis, vulval abscess, genital candidiasis, and vaginitis bacterial. (N for females: Placebo and metformin=534, dapagliflozin 5 mg and metformin=223, dapagliflozin 10 mg and metformin=430).</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.5</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>9.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>9.3</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Nasopharyngitis</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>5.9</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>6.3</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>5.2</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Urinary tract infections<footnote ID="_Ref402357367">Urinary tract infections include the following adverse reactions, listed in order of frequency reported: urinary tract infection, cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, and prostatitis.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>3.6</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>6.1</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>5.5</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Diarrhea</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>5.6</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>5.9</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>4.2</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Headache</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.8</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>5.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>3.3</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Male genital mycotic infections<footnote ID="_Ref402357380">Genital mycotic infections include the following adverse reactions, listed in order of frequency reported for males: balanitis, fungal genital infection, balanitis candida, genital candidiasis, genital infection, posthitis, and balanoposthitis. (N for males: Placebo and metformin=651, dapagliflozin 5 mg and metformin=187, dapagliflozin 10 mg and metformin=553). </footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>4.3</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>3.6</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Influenza</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>4.1</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.6</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Nausea</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>3.9</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.6</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Back pain</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>3.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>3.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.5</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Dizziness</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>3.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.8</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Cough</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.9</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>3.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.4</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Constipation</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.6</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.9</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.9</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Dyslipidemia</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.7</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.5</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Pharyngitis</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.1</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.7</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.5</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Increased urination<footnote ID="_Ref402357398">Increased urination includes the following adverse reactions, listed in order of frequency reported: pollakiuria, polyuria, and urine output increased.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.6</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Discomfort with urination</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.1</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.6</paragraph> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_5bb6ebdb-6e33-44b6-8758-9c545df51355"> <id root="6dcdbfd3-cde4-451c-b8cf-840106bf12c2"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>In placebo-controlled monotherapy trials of metformin extended-release, diarrhea and nausea/vomiting were reported in &gt;5% of metformin-treated patients and more commonly than in placebo-treated patients (9.6% versus 2.6% for diarrhea and 6.5% versus 1.5% for nausea/vomiting). Diarrhea led to discontinuation of study medication in 0.6% of the patients treated with metformin extended-release.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_366603df-9408-452c-b50d-b0944db97be3"> <id root="ca8073b9-7ea8-40de-b6ee-f73b11d6140c"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Pool of 12 Placebo-Controlled Studies for Dapagliflozin 5 and 10 mg for Glycemic Control</content> </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>The data in Table 2 are derived from 12 placebo-controlled studies ranging from 12 to 24 weeks. In 4 studies dapagliflozin was used as monotherapy, and in 8 studies dapagliflozin was used as add-on to background antidiabetic therapy or as combination therapy with metformin <content styleCode="italics">[see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_6936111d-e85f-45f1-a8fc-17937c54970e">Clinical Studies (14.1)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph>These data reflect exposure of 2338 patients to dapagliflozin with a mean exposure duration of 21 weeks. Patients received placebo (N=1393), dapagliflozin 5 mg (N=1145), or dapagliflozin 10 mg (N=1193) once daily. The mean age of the population was 55 years and 2% were older than 75 years of age. Fifty percent (50%) of the population were male; 81% were White, 14% were Asian, and 3% were Black or African American. At baseline, the population had diabetes for an average of 6 years, had a mean HbA1c of 8.3%, and 21% had established microvascular complications of diabetes. Baseline renal function was normal or mildly impaired in 92% of patients and moderately impaired in 8% of patients (mean eGFR 86 mL/min/1.73 m²).</paragraph> <paragraph>Table 2 shows common adverse reactions associated with the use of dapagliflozin. These adverse reactions were not present at baseline, occurred more commonly on dapagliflozin than on placebo, and occurred in at least 2% of patients treated with either dapagliflozin 5 mg or dapagliflozin 10 mg.</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 2: Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled Studies Reported in ≥2% of Patients Treated with Dapagliflozin</caption> <col width="45%"/> <col width="15%"/> <col width="19%"/> <col width="19%"/> <thead> <tr> <th align="left" rowspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Adverse Reaction</content> </th> <th align="center" colspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">% of Patients </content> </th> </tr> <tr> <th align="center" colspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Pool of 12 Placebo-Controlled Studies</content> </th> </tr> <tr> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Placebo<br/> <br/>N=1393</content> </th> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin<br/>5 mg<br/>N=1145</content> </th> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin<br/>10 mg<br/>N=1193</content> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Female genital mycotic infections<footnote ID="_Ref402358242">Genital mycotic infections include the following adverse reactions, listed in order of frequency reported for females: vulvovaginal mycotic infection, vaginal infection, vulvovaginal candidiasis, vulvovaginitis, genital infection, genital candidiasis, fungal genital infection, vulvitis, genitourinary tract infection, vulval abscess, and vaginitis bacterial. (N for females: Placebo=677, dapagliflozin 5 mg=581, dapagliflozin 10 mg=598).</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.5</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>8.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>6.9</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Nasopharyngitis</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>6.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>6.6</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>6.3</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Urinary tract infections<footnote ID="_Ref402358483">Urinary tract infections include the following adverse reactions, listed in order of frequency reported: urinary tract infection, cystitis, <content styleCode="italics">Escherichia</content> urinary tract infection, genitourinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, trigonitis, urethritis, kidney infection, and prostatitis.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>3.7</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>5.7</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>4.3</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Back pain</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>3.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>3.1</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>4.2</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Increased urination<footnote ID="_Ref402358508">Increased urination includes the following adverse reactions, listed in order of frequency reported: pollakiuria, polyuria, and urine output increased.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.7</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.9</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>3.8</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Male genital mycotic infections<footnote ID="_Ref402358522">Genital mycotic infections include the following adverse reactions, listed in order of frequency reported for males: balanitis, fungal genital infection, balanitis candida, genital candidiasis, genital infection male, penile infection, balanoposthitis, balanoposthitis infective, genital infection, and posthitis. (N for males: Placebo=716, dapagliflozin 5 mg=564, dapagliflozin 10 mg=595).</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0.3</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.8</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.7</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Nausea</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.8</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.5</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Influenza</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.3</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.7</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.3</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Dyslipidemia</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.5</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.1</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.5</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Constipation</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.5</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.9</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Discomfort with urination</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0.7</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.6</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.1</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Pain in extremity</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2.0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.7</paragraph> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_0d486785-6093-462b-8ab2-14779a2cff94"> <id root="a17b3405-9594-45dd-a2f0-5303a607d424"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Pool of 13 Placebo-Controlled Studies for Dapagliflozin 10 mg for Glycemic Control</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin 10 mg was also evaluated in a larger placebo-controlled study pool. This pool combined 13 placebo-controlled studies, including 3 monotherapy studies, 9 add-on to background antidiabetic therapy studies, and an initial combination with metformin study. Across these 13 studies, 2360 patients were treated once daily with dapagliflozin 10 mg for a mean duration of exposure of 22 weeks. The mean age of the population was 59 years and 4% were older than 75 years. Fifty-eight percent (58%) of the population were male; 84% were White, 9% were Asian, and 3% were Black or African American. At baseline, the population had diabetes for an average of 9 years, had a mean HbA1c of 8.2%, and 30% had established microvascular disease. Baseline renal function was normal or mildly impaired in 88% of patients and moderately impaired in 11% of patients (mean eGFR 82 mL/min/1.73 m²).</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_db42421f-f16c-48ed-b0a0-b3ebd234c85b"> <id root="8385f170-b7b0-4d12-a9f4-44ccfee500c1"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Volume Depletion</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin causes an osmotic diuresis, which may lead to reductions in intravascular volume. Adverse reactions related to volume depletion (including reports of dehydration, hypovolemia, orthostatic hypotension, or hypotension) for the 12-study and 13-study, short-term, placebo-controlled pools and for the DECLARE study are shown in Table 3 <content styleCode="italics">[see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_257b1347-9224-4796-a6f5-f917b2fa1e32">Warnings and Precautions (5.2)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">]</content>.</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 3: Adverse Reactions of Volume Depletion<footnote ID="_Ref22643733">Volume depletion includes reports of dehydration, hypovolemia, orthostatic hypotension, or hypotension.</footnote> in Clinical Studies with Dapagliflozin</caption> <col width="16%"/> <col width="9%"/> <col width="14%"/> <col width="14%"/> <col width="9%"/> <col width="14%"/> <col width="9%"/> <col width="14%"/> <tbody> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/> <td align="center" colspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Pool of 12 Placebo-Controlled Studies</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Pool of 13 Placebo-Controlled Studies</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">DECLARE Study</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"/> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">5 mg</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">10 mg</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">10 mg</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">10 mg</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Overall population</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N (%) </content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>N=1393</paragraph> <paragraph>5</paragraph> <paragraph>(0.4%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>N=1145</paragraph> <paragraph>7</paragraph> <paragraph>(0.6%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>N=1193</paragraph> <paragraph>9</paragraph> <paragraph>(0.8%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>N=2295</paragraph> <paragraph>17</paragraph> <paragraph>(0.7%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>N=2360</paragraph> <paragraph>27</paragraph> <paragraph>(1.1%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>N=8569</paragraph> <paragraph>207</paragraph> <paragraph>(2.4%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>N=8574</paragraph> <paragraph>213</paragraph> <paragraph>(2.5%)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Patient Subgroup n (%)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Patients on loop diuretics</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=55</paragraph> <paragraph>1</paragraph> <paragraph>(1.8%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=40</paragraph> <paragraph>0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=31</paragraph> <paragraph>3</paragraph> <paragraph>(9.7%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=267</paragraph> <paragraph>4</paragraph> <paragraph>(1.5%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=236</paragraph> <paragraph>6</paragraph> <paragraph>(2.5%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=934</paragraph> <paragraph>57</paragraph> <paragraph>(6.1%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=866</paragraph> <paragraph>57</paragraph> <paragraph>(6.6%)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Patients with moderate renal impairment with eGFR ≥30 and &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m² </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=107</paragraph> <paragraph>2</paragraph> <paragraph>(1.9%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=107</paragraph> <paragraph>1</paragraph> <paragraph>(0.9%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=89</paragraph> <paragraph>1</paragraph> <paragraph>(1.1%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=268</paragraph> <paragraph>4</paragraph> <paragraph>(1.5%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=265</paragraph> <paragraph>5</paragraph> <paragraph>(1.9%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=658</paragraph> <paragraph>30</paragraph> <paragraph>(4.6%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=604</paragraph> <paragraph>35</paragraph> <paragraph>(5.8%)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Patients ≥65 years of age</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=276</paragraph> <paragraph>1</paragraph> <paragraph>(0.4%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=216</paragraph> <paragraph>1</paragraph> <paragraph>(0.5%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=204</paragraph> <paragraph>3</paragraph> <paragraph>(1.5%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=711</paragraph> <paragraph>6</paragraph> <paragraph>(0.8%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=665</paragraph> <paragraph>11</paragraph> <paragraph>(1.7%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=3950</paragraph> <paragraph>121</paragraph> <paragraph>(3.1%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>n=3948</paragraph> <paragraph>117</paragraph> <paragraph>(3.0%)</paragraph> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_f3e948ac-0aae-41ef-b6e6-29ceee82198f"> <id root="3b8e9bfc-47d1-43f9-a129-cca59c38f09d"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Hypoglycemia</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>The frequency of hypoglycemia by study <content styleCode="italics">[see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_6936111d-e85f-45f1-a8fc-17937c54970e">Clinical Studies (14.1)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">]</content> is shown in Table 4. Hypoglycemia was more frequent when dapagliflozin was added to sulfonylurea or insulin <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_6561d44c-3807-4ca8-9112-406a7215ebae">Warnings and Precautions (5.6)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 4: Incidence of Severe Hypoglycemia<footnote ID="_Ref22623327">Severe episodes of hypoglycemia were defined as episodes of severe impairment in consciousness or behavior, requiring external (third party) assistance, and with prompt recovery after intervention regardless of glucose level. </footnote> and Hypoglycemia with Glucose &lt;54 mg/dL<footnote ID="_Ref22623357">Episodes of hypoglycemia with glucose &lt; 54 mg/dL (3 mmol/L) were defined as reported episodes of hypoglycemia meeting the glucose criteria that did not also qualify as a severe episode. </footnote> in Controlled Clinical Studies</caption> <col width="46%"/> <col width="12%"/> <col width="20%"/> <col width="20%"/> <thead> <tr> <th align="left" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content> </th> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> <br/> <content styleCode="bold">5 mg </content> </th> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> <br/> <content styleCode="bold">10 mg</content> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td align="justify" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Add-on to Metformin (24 weeks)</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=137</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=137</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=135</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="justify" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> Severe [n (%)]</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="justify" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> Glucose &lt;54 mg/dL [n (%)]</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="justify" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Add-on to DPP4 inhibitor (with or without Metformin) (24 weeks)</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=226</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">–</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=225</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="justify" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> Severe [n (%)]</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">–</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1 (0.4)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="justify" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> Glucose &lt;54 mg/dL [n (%)]</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1 (0.4)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">–</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1 (0.4)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="justify" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Add-on to Insulin with or without other OADs</content> <footnote ID="_Ref22623367">OAD = oral antidiabetic therapy.</footnote> <content styleCode="bold"> (24 weeks)</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=197</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=212</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=196</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="justify" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> Severe [n (%)]</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1 (0.5)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2 (0.9)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>2 (1.0)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="justify" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> Glucose &lt;54 mg/dL [n (%)]</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>43 (21.8)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>55 (25.9)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>45 (23.0)</paragraph> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <paragraph>In the DECLARE study <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#_14.2_Add-On_to">Clinical Studies (14.2)</linkHtml>]</content>, severe events of hypoglycemia were reported in 58 (0.7%) out of 8574 patients treated with dapagliflozin 10 mg and 83 (1.0%) out of 8569 patients treated with placebo.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_cd3b3a25-4d7e-439e-80c7-2d7578d8adf4"> <id root="92770c3e-101e-4c79-a8b5-6eefca821c60"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Genital Mycotic Infections</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Genital mycotic infections were more frequent with dapagliflozin treatment. Genital mycotic infections were reported in 0.9% of patients on placebo, 5.7% on dapagliflozin 5 mg, and 4.8% on dapagliflozin 10 mg, in the 12-study placebo-controlled pool. Discontinuation from study due to genital infection occurred in 0% of placebo-treated patients and 0.2% of patients treated with dapagliflozin 10 mg. Infections were more frequently reported in females than in males (see Table 2). The most frequently reported genital mycotic infections were vulvovaginal mycotic infections in females and balanitis in males. Patients with a history of genital mycotic infections were more likely to have a genital mycotic infection during the study than those with no prior history (10.0%, 23.1%, and 25.0% versus 0.8%, 5.9%, and 5.0% on placebo, dapagliflozin 5 mg, and dapagliflozin 10 mg, respectively). In the DECLARE study <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#_14.2_Add-On_to">Clinical Studies (14.2)</linkHtml>]</content>, serious genital mycotic infections were reported in &lt;0.1% of patients treated with dapagliflozin 10 mg and &lt;0.1% of patients treated with placebo. Genital mycotic infections that caused study drug discontinuation were reported in 0.9% of patients treated with dapagliflozin 10 mg and &lt;0.1% of patients treated with placebo.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_cf027c10-7fc2-4b6e-a5b1-799c9aeb8843"> <id root="cf027c10-7fc2-4b6e-a5b1-799c9aeb8843"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Hypersensitivity Reactions</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., angioedema, urticaria, hypersensitivity) were reported with dapagliflozin treatment. Across the clinical program, serious anaphylactic reactions and severe cutaneous adverse reactions and angioedema were reported in 0.2% of comparator-treated patients and 0.3% of dapagliflozin-treated patients. If hypersensitivity reactions occur, discontinue use of dapagliflozin; treat per standard of care and monitor until signs and symptoms resolve.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_bda15323-a9fa-4328-9e89-16dd9e250344"> <id root="1af598e7-af47-4048-8f3d-58b859bde909"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Ketoacidosis</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>In the DECLARE study <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#_14.2_Add-On_to">Clinical Studies (14.2)</linkHtml>]</content>, events of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were reported in 27 out of 8574 patients in the dapagliflozin-treated group and in 12 out of 8569 patients in the placebo group. The events were evenly distributed over the study period.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_291a9ead-1f4e-4e91-b5c4-07950505eab4"> <id root="da10b2a3-dbfa-48f0-9055-37ef72e1e5e8"/> <code code="34075-2" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="LABORATORY TESTS SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Laboratory Tests</content> </title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_b1812d35-bde0-42f0-9319-85fec1f42071"> <id root="18d84cc8-6eaf-4757-97ce-22d657f83c60"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Increases in Serum Creatinine and Decreases in eGFR</content> </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Initiation of dapagliflozin causes an increase in serum creatinine and decrease in eGFR. In patients with normal or mildly impaired renal function at baseline, the serum creatinine and and eGFR returned to baseline at Week 24. Sustained decreases in eGFR were seen in patients with moderate renal impairment (eGFR 30 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m²)<content styleCode="italics"> [see <linkHtml href="#ID_9277ebe9-a529-48e1-ae46-9d3cd6366b12">Warnings and Precautions (5.4)</linkHtml> and <linkHtml href="#ID_c1f69092-8477-4008-803f-47207f135f3f">Mechanism of Action (12.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_ebc6713e-48b1-47b0-9d66-0dfe51a361aa"> <id root="88ef8058-adb9-414b-86d3-4d460d6ffd91"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Increase in Hematocrit</content> </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>In the pool of 13 placebo-controlled studies, increases from baseline in mean hematocrit values were observed in dapagliflozin-treated patients starting at Week 1 and continuing up to Week 16, when the maximum mean difference from baseline was observed. At Week 24, the mean changes from baseline in hematocrit were -0.33% in the placebo group and 2.30% in the dapagliflozin 10 mg group. By Week 24, hematocrit values &gt;55% were reported in 0.4% of placebo-treated patients and 1.3% of dapagliflozin 10 mg-treated patients.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_3e4f7f41-ca50-4601-af31-ee8ec157288c"> <id root="a9626889-8b1b-455e-bc43-b600b1714372"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold"> <content styleCode="italics">Increase in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Dapagliflozin</content> </content> </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>In the pool of 13 placebo-controlled studies, changes from baseline in mean lipid values were reported in dapagliflozin-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. Mean percent changes from baseline at Week 24 were 0.0% versus 2.5% for total cholesterol, and -1.0% versus 2.9% for LDL cholesterol in the placebo and dapagliflozin 10 mg groups, respectively. In the DECLARE study <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#_14.2_Add-On_to">Clinical Studies (14.2)</linkHtml>]</content>, mean changes from baseline after 4 years were 0.4 mg/dL versus -4.1 mg/dL for total cholesterol, and -2.5 mg/dL versus -4.4 mg/dL for LDL cholesterol, in dapagliflozin 10 mg-treated and the placebo groups, respectively.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_bc4f2839-6048-4e7e-9bbc-85e93870f268"> <id root="d3f98e1e-d7a4-440e-b854-da2b204857c0"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold"> <content styleCode="italics">Vitamin B₁₂ Concentrations</content> </content> </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>In metformin clinical trials of 29-week duration, a decrease to subnormal levels of previously normal serum vitamin B₁₂ levels was observed in approximately 7% of patients.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_a113ef81-e823-417a-882f-e881673ef891"> <id root="51940a34-ce7f-42e9-b1ef-b5f652455cb5"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>6.2 Postmarketing Experience </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Additional adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of dapagliflozin. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is generally not possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.</paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>Ketoacidosis </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Acute Kidney Injury</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Urosepsis and Pyelonephritis </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Perineum (Fournier’s Gangrene)</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Rash</item> </list> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>Cholestatic, hepatocellular, and mixed hepatocellular liver injury</item> </list> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_32f89eec-631c-4cf1-a151-85830d08706f"> <id root="5e215417-8d35-4050-897b-f5e3695c6b3b"/> <code code="34073-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION"/> <title>7 DRUG INTERACTIONS</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <excerpt> <highlight> <text> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may increase the risk of lactic acidosis. Consider more frequent monitoring. <linkHtml href="#ID_3d8bb370-323e-485f-b069-d3cba671b3c7">(7.3)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Drugs that reduce metformin clearance (such as ranolazine, vandetanib, dolutegravir, and cimetidine) may increase the accumulation of metformin. Consider the benefits and risks of concomitant use. <linkHtml href="#ID_380aa66c-6b6d-4f03-8db8-e6b9a16ba6ad">(7.4)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Alcohol can potentiate the effect of metformin on lactate metabolism. Warn patients against excessive alcohol intake. <linkHtml href="#ID_9f4762b3-5b70-4390-b6e0-aaeef6d0b64f">(7.5)</linkHtml> </item> </list> </text> </highlight> </excerpt> <component> <section ID="ID_beac0bb8-0c15-4436-adc5-2492338cfffe"> <id root="beac0bb8-0c15-4436-adc5-2492338cfffe"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>7.1 Positive Urine Glucose Test </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Monitoring glycemic control with urine glucose tests is not recommended in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors as SGLT2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion and will lead to positive urine glucose tests. Use alternative methods to monitor glycemic control.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_2b126279-076c-43bc-9094-24e538618640"> <id root="2b126279-076c-43bc-9094-24e538618640"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>7.2 Interference with 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) Assay </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Monitoring glycemic control with 1,5-AG assay is not recommended as measurements of 1,5-AG are unreliable in assessing glycemic control in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors. Use alternative methods to monitor glycemic control.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_3d8bb370-323e-485f-b069-d3cba671b3c7"> <id root="2e0e58bd-1ec2-4e37-b4d0-ccd1b2bf48b3"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>7.3 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors </title> <text> <paragraph>Topiramate or other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., zonisamide, acetazolamide or dichlorphenamide) frequently causes a decrease in serum bicarbonate and induce non-anion gap, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Concomitant use of these drugs with XIGDUO XR may increase the risk for lactic acidosis. Consider more frequent monitoring of these patients.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20160614"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_380aa66c-6b6d-4f03-8db8-e6b9a16ba6ad"> <id root="2c720ce2-be47-41d9-9cd0-49dea813235f"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>7.4 Drugs that Reduce Metformin Clearance </title> <text> <paragraph>Concomitant use of drugs that interfere with common renal tubular transport systems involved in the renal elimination of metformin (e.g., organic cationic transporter-2 [OCT2]/multidrug and toxin extrusion [MATE] inhibitors, such as ranolazine, vandetanib, dolutegravir, and cimetidine) could increase systemic exposure to metformin and may increase the risk for lactic acidosis <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_d6dc0e98-1d64-4ccd-b10a-fdb3cfa954b9">Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)</linkHtml>]</content>. Consider the benefits and risks of concomitant use.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_9f4762b3-5b70-4390-b6e0-aaeef6d0b64f"> <id root="bc0f84a9-0bec-4666-9d05-8fb3c7674236"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>7.5 Alcohol </title> <text> <paragraph>Alcohol is known to potentiate the effect of metformin on lactate metabolism. Warn patients against excessive alcohol intake while receiving XIGDUO XR.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20160614"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_234d9794-a0e7-45e6-abe0-fe1f8e320122"> <id root="e27db10d-41fa-4028-acf8-a7c962396ae8"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>7.6 Drugs Affecting Glycemic Control</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_e6954d0c-e704-4614-80e3-510b5fa59fd6"> <id root="bf273907-46af-4581-8f03-0c8c7cfc3ea2"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Certain drugs tend to produce hyperglycemia and may lead to loss of glycemic control. These medications include thiazides and other diuretics, corticosteroids, phenothiazines, thyroid products, estrogens, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, calcium channel blocking drugs, and isoniazid. When such drugs are administered to a patient receiving XIGDUO XR, observe the patient closely for loss of blood glucose control. When such drugs are withdrawn from a patient receiving XIGDUO XR, observe the patient closely for hypoglycemia. </paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_575e00fb-cf93-4449-ae08-47251a5769bf"> <id root="750e2937-1871-4a36-a55e-8f7569852ab9"/> <code code="43684-0" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION"/> <title>8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <excerpt> <highlight> <text> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Pregnancy: </content>Advise females of the potential risk to a fetus, especially during the second and third trimesters. <linkHtml href="#ID_1f90e6d8-773d-4173-8a16-ee1a23671d8e">(8.1)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Lactation: </content>XIGDUO XR is not recommended when breastfeeding. <linkHtml href="#ID_8147bfc4-f090-46c0-a105-6d7b7cc06830">(8.2)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Females and Males of Reproductive Potential: </content>Advise premenopausal females of the potential for an unintended pregnancy. <linkHtml href="#ID_8147bfc4-f090-46c0-a105-6d7b7cc06830">(8.3)</linkHtml> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Geriatrics: </content>Higher incidence of adverse reactions related to reduced intravascular volume. Assess renal function more frequently. (<linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">5.1</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_6694aa18-0b1b-40da-908b-e4cb32299ac0">8.5</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_5636fe0b-d7d3-4048-998f-1a2edbe23c0c">8.6</linkHtml>)</item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Renal Impairment: </content>Higher incidence of adverse reactions related to reduced intravascular volume and renal function. (<linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">5.1</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_5636fe0b-d7d3-4048-998f-1a2edbe23c0c">8.6</linkHtml>)</item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="italics">Hepatic Impairment: </content>Avoid use in patients with hepatic impairment. <linkHtml href="#ID_90134b0e-f823-43ea-b171-17f30182cbf3">(8.7)</linkHtml> </item> </list> </text> </highlight> </excerpt> <component> <section ID="ID_1f90e6d8-773d-4173-8a16-ee1a23671d8e"> <id root="e763fd6f-2536-4e2a-a1f3-8731e024280d"/> <code code="42228-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="PREGNANCY SECTION"/> <title>8.1 Pregnancy</title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="underline">Risk Summary</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Based on animal data showing adverse renal effects, XIGDUO XR is not recommended during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.</paragraph> <paragraph>Limited data with XIGDUO XR or dapagliflozin in pregnant women are not sufficient to determine drug-associated risk for major birth defects or miscarriage. Published studies with metformin use during pregnancy have not reported a clear association with metformin and major birth defect or miscarriage risk <content styleCode="italics">(see <linkHtml href="#data">Data</linkHtml>)</content>. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy <content styleCode="italics">(see <linkHtml href="#clinical_considerations">Clinical Considerations</linkHtml>)</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph>In animal studies, adverse renal pelvic and tubule dilatations, that were not fully reversible, were observed in rats when dapagliflozin was administered during a period of renal development corresponding to the late second and third trimesters of human pregnancy, at all doses tested; the lowest of which provided an exposure 15-times the 10 mg clinical dose <content styleCode="italics">(see <linkHtml href="#data">Data</linkHtml>)</content>. </paragraph> <paragraph>The estimated background risk of major birth defects is 6 to 10% in women with pre-gestational diabetes with a HbA1c greater than 7% and has been reported to be as high as 20 to 25% in women with HbA1c greater than 10%. The estimated background risk of miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="underline">Clinical Considerations</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Disease-associated maternal and/or embryofetal risk</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases the maternal risk for diabetic ketoacidosis, preeclampsia, spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery and delivery complications. Poorly controlled diabetes increases the fetal risk for major birth defects, stillbirth, and macrosomia related morbidity. </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="underline">Data</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Human Data </content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Published data from post-marketing studies have not reported a clear association with metformin and major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes when metformin was used during pregnancy. However, these studies cannot definitely establish the absence of any metformin-associated risk because of methodological limitations, including small sample size and inconsistent comparator groups. </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Animal Data</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin dosed directly to juvenile rats from postnatal day (PND) 21 until PND 90 at doses of 1, 15, or 75 mg/kg/day, increased kidney weights and increased the incidence of renal pelvic and tubular dilatations at all dose levels. Exposure at the lowest dose tested was 15-times the 10 mg clinical dose (based on AUC). The renal pelvic and tubular dilatations observed in juvenile animals did not fully reverse within a 1-month recovery period.</paragraph> <paragraph>In a prenatal and postnatal development study, dapagliflozin was administered to maternal rats from gestation day 6 through lactation day 21 at doses of 1, 15, or 75 mg/kg/day, and pups were indirectly exposed <content styleCode="italics">in utero</content> and throughout lactation. Increased incidence or severity of renal pelvic dilatation was observed in 21-day-old pups offspring of treated dams at 75 mg/kg/day (maternal and pup dapagliflozin exposures were 1415-times and 137-times, respectively, the human values at the 10 mg clinical dose, based on AUC). Dose-related reductions in pup body weights were observed at greater or equal to 29-times the 10 mg clinical dose (based on AUC). No adverse effects on developmental endpoints were noted at 1 mg/kg/day (19-times the 10 mg clinical dose, based on AUC). These outcomes occurred with drug exposure during periods of renal development in rats that corresponds to the late second and third trimester of human development.</paragraph> <paragraph>In embryofetal development studies in rats and rabbits, dapagliflozin was administered throughout organogenesis, corresponding to the first trimester of human pregnancy. In rats, dapagliflozin was neither embryolethal nor teratogenic at doses up to 75 mg/kg/day (1441-times the 10 mg clinical dose, based on AUC). Dose related effects on the rat fetus (structural abnormalities and reduced body weight) occurred only at higher dosages, equal to or greater than 150 mg/kg (more than 2344-times the 10 mg clinical dose, based on AUC), which were associated with maternal toxicity. No developmental toxicities were observed in rabbits at doses up to 180 mg/kg/day (1191-times the 10 mg clinical dose, based on AUC).</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Metformin HCl did not cause adverse developmental effects when administered to pregnant Sprague Dawley rats and rabbits up to 600 mg/kg/day during the period of organogenesis. This represents an exposure of about 2- and 6-times a 2000 mg clinical dose based on body surface area (mg/m²) for rats and rabbits, respectively. Determination of fetal concentrations demonstrated a partial placental barrier to metformin.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_8147bfc4-f090-46c0-a105-6d7b7cc06830"> <id root="8b77bae2-224b-4266-8a28-165fca6975a7"/> <code code="77290-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="LACTATION SECTION"/> <title>8.2 Lactation </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="underline">Risk Summary</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>There is no information regarding the presence of XIGDUO XR or dapagliflozin in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. </paragraph> <paragraph>Limited published studies report that metformin is present in human milk <content styleCode="italics">(see <linkHtml href="#data">Data</linkHtml>)</content>. However, there is insufficient information on the effects of metformin on the breastfed infant and no available information on the effects of metformin on milk production. Dapagliflozin is present in the milk of lactating rats <content styleCode="italics">(see <linkHtml href="#data">Data</linkHtml>)</content>. However, due to species specific differences in lactation physiology, the clinical relevance of these data are not clear. Since human kidney maturation occurs <content styleCode="italics">in utero</content> and during the first 2 years of life when lactational exposure may occur, there may be risk to the developing human kidney.</paragraph> <paragraph>Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants, advise women that use of XIGDUO XR is not recommended while breastfeeding. </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="underline">Data</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin was present in rat milk at a milk/plasma ratio of 0.49, indicating that dapagliflozin and its metabolites are transferred into milk at a concentration that is approximately 50% of that in maternal plasma. Juvenile rats directly exposed to dapagliflozin showed risk to the developing kidney (renal pelvic and tubular dilatations) during maturation.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Published clinical lactation studies report that metformin is present in human milk which resulted in infant doses approximately 0.11% to 1% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage and a milk/plasma ratio ranging between 0.13 and 1. However, the studies were not designed to definitely establish the risk of use of metformin during lactation because of small sample size and limited adverse event data collected in infants.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_061b3bb7-3c02-4d1a-a057-59c5b6d2026b"> <id root="2ee3f04d-d3a6-4b77-a554-d567f2b86779"/> <code code="77291-3" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="FEMALES &amp; MALES OF REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL SECTION"/> <title>8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential </title> <text> <paragraph>Discuss the potential for unintended pregnancy with premenopausal women as therapy with metformin may result in ovulation in some anovulatory women.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_2df64e67-36fa-4c59-9831-f16d9eaded61"> <id root="2df64e67-36fa-4c59-9831-f16d9eaded61"/> <code code="34081-0" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="PEDIATRIC USE SECTION"/> <title>8.4 Pediatric Use</title> <text> <paragraph>Safety and effectiveness of XIGDUO XR in pediatric patients under 18 years of age have not been established.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_6694aa18-0b1b-40da-908b-e4cb32299ac0"> <id root="eaff4f2d-61c7-494a-a9fc-0436d6445334"/> <code code="34082-8" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="GERIATRIC USE SECTION"/> <title>8.5 Geriatric Use</title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">XIGDUO XR</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>No XIGDUO XR dosage change is recommended based on age. More frequent assessment of renal function is recommended in elderly patients.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>A total of 1424 (24%) of the 5936 dapagliflozin-treated patients were 65 years and older and 207 (3.5%) patients were 75 years and older in a pool of 21 double-blind, controlled, clinical studies assessing the efficacy of dapagliflozin in improving glycemic control. After controlling for level of renal function (eGFR), efficacy was similar for patients under age 65 years and those 65 years and older. In patients ≥65 years of age, a higher proportion of patients treated with dapagliflozin had adverse reactions of hypotension <content styleCode="italics">[see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_257b1347-9224-4796-a6f5-f917b2fa1e32">Warnings and Precautions (5.2)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics"> and <linkHtml href="#ID_32648437-a6d1-4cb6-9df3-18007cd6ba0c">Adverse Reactions (6.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Controlled clinical studies of metformin did not include sufficient numbers of elderly patients to determine whether they respond differently than younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy and the higher risk of lactic acidosis. Assess renal function more frequently in elderly patients <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_5636fe0b-d7d3-4048-998f-1a2edbe23c0c"> <id root="ce0d4512-90da-4737-9ea1-ae9b027029c0"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>8.6 Renal Impairment</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_567e77a3-ffad-43bf-9049-3d733c07f743"> <id root="3670ffc1-934b-4f61-9587-d94d818190bd"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Use of dapagliflozin is not recommended when eGFR is less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m² <content styleCode="italics"> [see <linkHtml href="#ID_951c90ff-c685-4232-9d57-0c59e1ab967a">Dosage and Administration (2.3)</linkHtml> and <linkHtml href="#ID_9277ebe9-a529-48e1-ae46-9d3cd6366b12">Warnings and Precautions (5.4)</linkHtml>]</content> and is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m²) or ESRD <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">Contraindications (4)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin was evaluated in two glycemic control studies that included patients with moderate renal impairment (an eGFR of 45 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m², and an eGFR of 30 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m²)<content styleCode="italics"> [see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_6936111d-e85f-45f1-a8fc-17937c54970e">Clinical Studies (14.1)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">]</content>. The safety profile of dapagliflozin in the study of patients with an eGFR of 45 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m² was similar to the general population of patients with type 2 diabetes. Although patients in the dapagliflozin arm had reduction in eGFR compared to the placebo arm, eGFR generally returned towards baseline after treatment discontinuation. Patients with renal impairment using dapagliflozin for glycemic control may also be more likely to experience hypotension and may be at higher risk for acute kidney injury. In the study of patients with an eGFR 30 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m², 13 patients receiving dapagliflozin experienced bone fractures compared to none receiving placebo.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl </content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Metformin is substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of metformin accumulation and lactic acidosis increases with the degree of renal impairment. XIGDUO XR is contraindicated in severe renal impairment, patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 30 mL/min/1.73 m² <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_951c90ff-c685-4232-9d57-0c59e1ab967a">Dosage and Administration (2.3)</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">Contraindications (4)</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>, and </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_d6dc0e98-1d64-4ccd-b10a-fdb3cfa954b9">Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">].</content> </paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_90134b0e-f823-43ea-b171-17f30182cbf3"> <id root="649ead9f-a88a-4193-923d-9cc590ec9cc3"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>8.7 Hepatic Impairment </title> <text> <paragraph>Use of metformin in patients with hepatic impairment has been associated with some cases of lactic acidosis. XIGDUO XR is not recommended in patients with hepatic impairment <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_5db2aaaa-3784-4e30-8ba5-b74b25561e10"> <id root="ed2797fd-f31e-4351-b07c-b0f3ba198aae"/> <code code="34088-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="OVERDOSAGE SECTION"/> <title>10 OVERDOSAGE</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_ca6fed50-87bc-4ee6-9e12-9d68b98acdd3"> <id root="ca6fed50-87bc-4ee6-9e12-9d68b98acdd3"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>There were no reports of overdose during the clinical development program for dapagliflozin. In the event of an overdose, contact the Poison Control Center. It is also reasonable to employ supportive measures as dictated by the patient’s clinical status. The removal of dapagliflozin by hemodialysis has not been studied.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_76cab9a2-66b7-467b-a8da-012d2bf03729"> <id root="e1b9b91b-65e0-41e8-9176-d4626ab65889"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Overdose of metformin HCl has occurred, including ingestion of amounts &gt;50 grams. Lactic acidosis has been reported in approximately 32% of metformin overdose cases <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>. Metformin is dialyzable with a clearance of up to 170 mL/min under good hemodynamic conditions. Therefore, hemodialysis may be useful for removal of accumulated drug from patients in whom metformin overdosage is suspected.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_ff3f54ef-b57b-4985-9879-5d47ce214d29"> <id root="302f1dc2-e9f6-43fe-9d46-6e81056a3456"/> <code code="34089-3" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="DESCRIPTION SECTION"/> <title>11 DESCRIPTION</title> <text> <paragraph>XIGDUO XR (dapagliflozin and metformin HCl extended-release) tablets contain two oral antihyperglycemic medications used in the management of type 2 diabetes: dapagliflozin and metformin hydrochloride.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_f90653c6-f8d5-4d53-a40c-b05ed0b151b0"> <id root="009d7f4d-c9c6-4368-9082-aa688fb5d42a"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin is described chemically as D-glucitol, 1,5-anhydro-1-<content styleCode="italics">C</content>-<content styleCode="italics">[</content>4-chloro-3-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl]-, (1<content styleCode="italics">S</content>)-, compounded with (2<content styleCode="italics">S</content>)-1,2-propanediol, hydrate (1:1:1). The empirical formula is C₂₁H₂₅ClO₆•C₃H₈O₂•H₂O and the formula weight is 502.98. The structural formula is:</paragraph> <renderMultiMedia ID="id-844798025" referencedObject="ID_1a7f5ad2-5b7c-4ca4-9eb4-aaf5e4b1f39c"/> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <observationMedia ID="ID_1a7f5ad2-5b7c-4ca4-9eb4-aaf5e4b1f39c"> <text>Dapagliflozin chemical structure</text> <value mediaType="image/jpeg"> <reference value="image-01.jpg"/> </value> </observationMedia> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_e5f16323-f851-4d7e-a352-1efcded5d164"> <id root="e5f16323-f851-4d7e-a352-1efcded5d164"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin hydrochloride</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Metformin hydrochloride (<content styleCode="italics">N,N</content>-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride) is a white to off-white crystalline compound with a molecular formula of C₄H₁₁N₅•HCl and a molecular weight of 165.63. Metformin hydrochloride is freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, and is practically insoluble in acetone, ether, and chloroform. The pK_a of metformin is 12.4. The pH of a 1% aqueous solution of metformin hydrochloride is 6.68. The structural formula is:</paragraph> <renderMultiMedia ID="id-844798022" referencedObject="d41f0146-c974-4d64-b482-e34422b1c7e7"/> </text> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> <component> <observationMedia ID="d41f0146-c974-4d64-b482-e34422b1c7e7"> <text>Metformin hydrochloride chemical structure</text> <value mediaType="image/jpeg"> <reference value="image-02.jpg"/> </value> </observationMedia> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_b8d9a0af-8a5e-4d8d-a860-cf8fdde43189"> <id root="26929c77-1011-48df-8f67-c8a78f6c94fb"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">XIGDUO XR</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>XIGDUO XR is available for oral administration as tablets containing the equivalent of 2.5 mg dapagliflozin as dapagliflozin propanediol and 1000 mg metformin hydrochloride which is equivalent to 779.86 mg metformin base (XIGDUO XR 2.5mg/1000mg), 5 mg dapagliflozin as dapagliflozin propanediol and 500 mg metformin hydrochloride which is equivalent to 389.9 mg metformin base (XIGDUO XR 5 mg/500 mg), the equivalent of 5 mg dapagliflozin as dapagliflozin propanediol and 1000 mg metformin hydrochloride which is equivalent to 779.86 mg metformin base (XIGDUO XR 5 mg/1000 mg), the equivalent of 10 mg dapagliflozin as dapagliflozin propanediol and 500 mg metformin hydrochloride which is equivalent to 389.9 mg metformin base (XIGDUO XR 10 mg/500 mg), or the equivalent of 10 mg dapagliflozin as dapagliflozin propanediol and 1000 mg metformin hydrochloride which is equivalent to 779.86 mg metformin base (XIGDUO XR 10 mg/1000 mg).</paragraph> <paragraph>Each film-coated tablet of XIGDUO XR contains the following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, lactose anhydrous, crospovidone, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, and hypromellose.</paragraph> <paragraph>The film coatings contain the following inactive ingredients: polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, and talc. Additionally, the film coating for the XIGDUO XR 5 mg/500 mg tablets contains FD&amp;C Yellow No. 6/Sunset Yellow FCF aluminum lake. The film coating for the XIGDUO XR 2.5 mg/1000 mg, 5 mg/1000 mg, 10 mg/500 mg, and 10 mg/1000 mg tablets contains iron oxides.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_09e17de4-d506-4047-8af3-5d48f0628dab"> <id root="95191381-1b9e-47cc-ae83-2a4b83ca049c"/> <code code="34090-1" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION"/> <title>12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_c1f69092-8477-4008-803f-47207f135f3f"> <id root="75a3cb56-71e2-480c-b058-52fc1f9cd1de"/> <code code="43679-0" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="MECHANISM OF ACTION SECTION"/> <title>12.1 Mechanism of Action</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_1b88e1ac-e5b3-4439-91ca-999d23a48bac"> <id root="2cc565cd-0e14-4f04-8c8c-50eaa8bfaadc"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">XIGDUO XR</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>XIGDUO XR combines two antihyperglycemic agents with complementary mechanisms of action to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, and metformin HCl, a biguanide.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_f2601a17-5453-4a2a-856e-ff351d91a4cf"> <id root="cf885f7d-e85d-44b8-883a-0da40d63d5ab"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), expressed in the proximal renal tubules, is responsible for the majority of the reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen. Dapagliflozin is an inhibitor of SGLT2. By inhibiting SGLT2, dapagliflozin reduces reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, and thereby increases urinary glucose excretion. Dapagliflozin also reduces sodium reabsorption and increases the delivery of sodium to the distal tubule. This may influence several physiological functions including, but not restricted to, lowering both pre- and afterload of the heart and downregulation of sympathetic activity.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_550f4ed9-b698-434c-b8d5-f9573d13fc6e"> <id root="228cd776-8dd4-4232-bee9-8aba01e02cb5"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Metformin is an antihyperglycemic agent which improves glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. With metformin therapy, insulin secretion remains unchanged while fasting insulin levels and day-long plasma insulin response may decrease.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_59ef6e2e-345e-434d-9e3f-7739796e3c76"> <id root="c64b6027-e609-466e-93a6-976a6afcb491"/> <code code="43681-6" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="PHARMACODYNAMICS SECTION"/> <title>12.2 Pharmacodynamics</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_55238f14-def4-4ec0-a755-3f1275b80bb4"> <id root="65823b6b-916e-4609-a249-6f6bd3744aaa"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">General</content> </title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_27f128ab-da80-430d-8980-0d28a7d613bb"> <id root="0db32cbb-0160-44d6-8a12-20569b0c672f"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Increases in the amount of glucose excreted in the urine were observed in healthy subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus following the administration of dapagliflozin (see Figure 1). Dapagliflozin doses of 5 or 10 mg per day in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for 12 weeks resulted in excretion of approximately 70 grams of glucose in the urine per day. A near maximum glucose excretion was observed at the dapagliflozin daily dose of 20 mg. This urinary glucose excretion with dapagliflozin also results in increases in urinary volume <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_32648437-a6d1-4cb6-9df3-18007cd6ba0c">Adverse Reactions (6.1)</linkHtml>]</content>. After discontinuation of dapagliflozin, on average, the elevation in urinary glucose excretion approaches baseline by about 3 days for the 10 mg dose.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Figure 1: Scatter Plot and Fitted Line of Change from Baseline in 24-Hour Urinary Glucose Amount versus Dapagliflozin Dose in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) (Semi-Log Plot)</content> </paragraph> <renderMultiMedia ID="id-844801092" referencedObject="ID_08b143c8-416b-417b-8384-3ff1cacf8fbd"/> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <observationMedia ID="ID_08b143c8-416b-417b-8384-3ff1cacf8fbd"> <text>Figure 1</text> <value mediaType="image/jpeg"> <reference value="image-03.jpg"/> </value> </observationMedia> </component> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_2b3fa74f-d1c9-4d39-8ba3-4e2df822f7a1"> <id root="b42d723c-0c54-4539-9a01-05f602881b7f"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Cardiac Electrophysiology</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin was not associated with clinically meaningful prolongation of QTc interval at daily doses up to 150 mg (15-times the recommended maximum dose) in a study of healthy subjects. In addition, no clinically meaningful effect on QTc interval was observed following single doses of up to 500 mg (50-times the recommended maximum dose) of dapagliflozin in healthy subjects.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_d6dc0e98-1d64-4ccd-b10a-fdb3cfa954b9"> <id root="f810bd47-d2da-47e5-9182-5bf649578d4b"/> <code code="43682-4" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION"/> <title>12.3 Pharmacokinetics</title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">XIGDUO XR</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>The administration of XIGDUO XR in healthy subjects after a standard meal compared to the fasted state resulted in the same extent of exposure for both dapagliflozin and metformin extended-release. Compared to the fasted state, the standard meal resulted in 35% reduction and a delay of 1 to 2 hours in the peak plasma concentrations of dapagliflozin. This effect of food is not considered to be clinically meaningful. Food has no relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of metformin when administered as XIGDUO XR combination tablets. </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Absorption</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Following oral administration of dapagliflozin, the maximum plasma concentration (C_max) is usually attained within 2 hours under fasting state. The C_max and AUC values increase dose proportionally with increase in dapagliflozin dose in the therapeutic dose range. The absolute oral bioavailability of dapagliflozin following the administration of a 10 mg dose is 78%. Administration of dapagliflozin with a high-fat meal decreases its C_max by up to 50% and prolongs T_max by approximately 1 hour, but does not alter AUC as compared with the fasted state. These changes are not considered to be clinically meaningful and dapagliflozin can be administered with or without food.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Following a single oral dose of metformin extended-release, C_max is achieved with a median value of 7 hours and a range of 4 to 8 hours. The extent of metformin absorption (as measured by AUC) from the metformin extended-release tablet increased by approximately 50% when given with food. There was no effect of food on C_max and T_max of metformin.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Distribution</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin is approximately 91% protein bound. Protein binding is not altered in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Distribution studies with extended-release metformin have not been conducted; however, the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) of metformin following single oral doses of immediate-release metformin 850 mg averaged 654 ± 358 L. Metformin is negligibly bound to plasma proteins, in contrast to sulfonylureas, which are more than 90% protein bound. Metformin partitions into erythrocytes.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_fe337d72-2c2c-43ac-9709-cecf122358f0"> <id root="f2da2244-cbbd-4ece-8aa8-60af8b4a24dc"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Metabolism</content> </title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_adeb8260-013b-4dcf-937b-19d02ca5ffcb"> <id root="9dc55233-8e02-49b0-bd77-37b9ecfe0bb2"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>The metabolism of dapagliflozin is primarily mediated by UGT1A9; CYP-mediated metabolism is a minor clearance pathway in humans. Dapagliflozin is extensively metabolized, primarily to yield dapagliflozin 3-O-glucuronide, which is an inactive metabolite. Dapagliflozin 3-O-glucuronide accounted for 61% of a 50 mg [¹⁴C]-dapagliflozin dose and is the predominant drug-related component in human plasma.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_4d7af368-708e-448f-a827-f15d341e060d"> <id root="168d6b28-594c-4f02-86e1-d36672e91acc"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Intravenous single-dose studies in healthy subjects demonstrate that metformin is excreted unchanged in the urine and does not undergo hepatic metabolism (no metabolites have been identified in humans) or biliary excretion.</paragraph> <paragraph>Metabolism studies with extended-release metformin tablets have not been conducted.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_04167c72-1578-4463-8f63-85a4920e2261"> <id root="07ccc23c-dd43-4d43-baf5-4f172b519064"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Elimination</content> </title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_233c059e-085a-4c45-8688-47a94a33ebc7"> <id root="c2d559fa-0616-4b77-a317-74bce4b444f4"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin and related metabolites are primarily eliminated via the renal pathway. Following a single 50 mg dose of [¹⁴C]-dapagliflozin, 75% and 21% total radioactivity is excreted in urine and feces, respectively. In urine, less than 2% of the dose is excreted as parent drug. In feces, approximately 15% of the dose is excreted as parent drug. The mean plasma terminal half-life (t_½) for dapagliflozin is approximately 12.9 hours following a single oral dose of dapagliflozin 10 mg.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_615fa112-9de4-43cb-be4d-3086ecd71e7b"> <id root="4fcd4efa-2db7-4fce-bcad-c2dfc4c723bb"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Renal clearance is approximately 3.5 times greater than creatinine clearance, which indicates that tubular secretion is the major route of metformin elimination. Following oral administration, approximately 90% of the absorbed drug is eliminated via the renal route within the first 24 hours, with a plasma elimination half-life of approximately 6.2 hours. In blood, the elimination half-life is approximately 17.6 hours, suggesting that the erythrocyte mass may be a compartment of distribution.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_cea06b4f-238d-40a2-a058-441794eac9a5"> <id root="d56f9226-040d-458a-8b6d-16baa3f616b5"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Specific Populations</content> </title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_deff5261-5901-498e-8ea4-bf5f8ea26608"> <id root="96798d24-424b-4431-bb0b-c62ecb94dc77"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Renal Impairment</content> </title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_9349fac8-ec09-44fd-8753-93927615b790"> <id root="d554dcce-dec4-4e4b-b045-12612bc848b9"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>At steady-state (20 mg once daily dapagliflozin for 7 days), patients with type 2 diabetes with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment (as determined by eGFR) had geometric mean systemic exposures of dapagliflozin that were 45%, 2.04-fold, and 3.03-fold higher, respectively, as compared to patients with type 2 diabetes with normal renal function. Higher systemic exposure of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with renal impairment did not result in a correspondingly higher 24-hour urinary glucose excretion. The steady-state 24-hour urinary glucose excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment was 42%, 80%, and 90% lower, respectively, than patients with type 2 diabetes with normal renal function. The impact of hemodialysis on dapagliflozin exposure is not known <content styleCode="italics">[see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_951c90ff-c685-4232-9d57-0c59e1ab967a">Dosage and Administration (2.3)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">, </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">, and <linkHtml href="#ID_5636fe0b-d7d3-4048-998f-1a2edbe23c0c">Use in Specific Populations (8.6)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_5d227b8f-fd4e-4515-b83d-5bb86e716bd9"> <id root="4c77b88d-288e-4179-84a8-ba33536358d4"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>In patients with decreased renal function, the plasma and blood half-life of metformin is prolonged and the renal clearance is decreased <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">Contraindications (4)</linkHtml> and <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_2fc35047-732a-4ad8-a784-98bfc565355c"> <id root="6aa3814a-b8ba-42b1-bb6f-1fb642e92365"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Hepatic Impairment</content> </title> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>In patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh classes A and B), mean C_max and AUC of dapagliflozin were up to 12% and 36% higher, respectively, as compared to healthy matched control subjects following single-dose administration of 10 mg dapagliflozin. These differences were not considered to be clinically meaningful. In patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C), mean C_max and AUC of dapagliflozin were up to 40% and 67% higher, respectively, as compared to healthy matched controls. </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>No pharmacokinetic studies of metformin have been conducted in patients with hepatic impairment.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_976b3934-34f9-4640-bf57-174b7b2bfe48"> <id root="b9030d34-2f05-47bb-90e8-6d5ef61cc054"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Geriatric</content> </title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_02887573-6e0a-4a80-a632-93919fa9e57a"> <id root="02887573-6e0a-4a80-a632-93919fa9e57a"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis, age does not have a clinically meaningful effect on systemic exposures of dapagliflozin; thus, no dose adjustment is recommended.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_3a009fdb-0e5f-44f6-8793-89a859cc6be5"> <id root="89e8ec67-d9a4-46bb-aa08-2fb83472823e"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Limited data from controlled pharmacokinetic studies of metformin in healthy elderly subjects suggest that total plasma clearance of metformin is decreased, the half-life is prolonged, and C_max is increased, compared to healthy young subjects. From these data, it appears that the change in metformin pharmacokinetics with aging is primarily accounted for by a change in renal function. </paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_39ef5c2f-6231-4b25-b1fa-d4b4524d2a84"> <id root="39ef5c2f-6231-4b25-b1fa-d4b4524d2a84"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Pediatric</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Pharmacokinetics of XIGDUO XR in the pediatric population has not been studied.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_515e4555-dcf0-4937-ba9c-37ce2a8e10b6"> <id root="6a6e5b2f-f42f-4acc-9b1c-c6de3ccb03c5"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Gender</content> </title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_85385982-6bb1-4d41-ad46-7c60ea2ae234"> <id root="85385982-6bb1-4d41-ad46-7c60ea2ae234"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis, gender does not have a clinically meaningful effect on systemic exposures of dapagliflozin; thus, no dose adjustment is recommended.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_fb27ea60-934a-4c67-ba12-b155ea7eb4f9"> <id root="22d52b0f-1449-4eba-abcd-213b2dd326b4"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Metformin pharmacokinetic parameters did not differ significantly between healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes when analyzed according to gender (males=19, females=16). Similarly, in controlled clinical studies in patients with type 2 diabetes, the antihyperglycemic effect of metformin was comparable in males and females.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_999dde63-1939-440a-97a2-13a53d46e77f"> <id root="3214fbc7-86ee-44b7-98f6-9fc1211f7599"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Race</content> </title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_ce145c33-c728-425c-8e0e-57f0f856f6ee"> <id root="ce145c33-c728-425c-8e0e-57f0f856f6ee"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis, race (White, Black, or Asian) does not have a clinically meaningful effect on systemic exposures of dapagliflozin; thus, no dose adjustment is recommended.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_d1a93284-292f-43a2-aa58-8efca5adc2bc"> <id root="abf7d3ea-17fe-4be1-8480-30b8e9cba703"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>No studies of metformin pharmacokinetic parameters according to race have been performed. In controlled clinical studies of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes, the antihyperglycemic effect was comparable in Whites (n=249), Blacks (n=51), and Hispanics (n=24).</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_e7af01b3-2ff4-484a-b0e4-ee7c04f45af5"> <id root="e7af01b3-2ff4-484a-b0e4-ee7c04f45af5"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Body Weight</content> </title> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> <component> <section ID="ID_0a4df387-a1d7-4330-b240-774ae6236dc0"> <id root="0a4df387-a1d7-4330-b240-774ae6236dc0"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis, body weight does not have a clinically meaningful effect on systemic exposures of dapagliflozin; thus, no dose adjustment is recommended.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_5c9fff9f-4f4e-4ba0-a664-98179ed3d3c0"> <id root="d3782ca5-da3d-49f8-846c-a156d3a33dde"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Drug Interactions</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Specific pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies with XIGDUO XR have not been performed, although such studies have been conducted with the individual dapagliflozin and metformin components.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_ea6874bf-3de7-4c85-bc8c-7ebb1a148fa7"> <id root="2355235e-7e0d-4212-b1a1-fe3c8c72045d"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">In Vitro Assessment of Drug Interactions</content> </title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_bd11aafb-305c-4f5d-be40-d7e2057cf355"> <id root="32fcc447-227a-425a-af6b-22c03c497293"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>In <content styleCode="italics">in vitro</content> studies, dapagliflozin and dapagliflozin 3-O-glucuronide neither inhibited CYP 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, or 3A4, nor induced CYP 1A2, 2B6, or 3A4. Dapagliflozin is a weak substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P‑gp) active transporter, and dapagliflozin 3-O-glucuronide is a substrate for the OAT3 active transporter. Dapagliflozin or dapagliflozin 3-O-glucuronide did not meaningfully inhibit P-gp, OCT2, OAT1, or OAT3 active transporters. Overall, dapagliflozin is unlikely to affect the pharmacokinetics of concurrently administered medications that are P-gp, OCT2, OAT1, or OAT3 substrates.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_13bfaca8-ee43-4af2-80a7-effc6c50225c"> <id root="587526e0-3750-4a93-8711-8ce28d5c2325"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Effects of Other Drugs on Metformin</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Table 5 shows the effect of other coadministered drugs on metformin.</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 5: Effect of Coadministered Drug on Plasma Metformin Systemic Exposure</caption> <col width="35%"/> <col width="23%"/> <col width="23%"/> <col width="18%"/> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Coadministered Drug </content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">(Dose Regimen)</content> <footnote ID="_Ref402960332">All metformin and coadministered drugs were given as single doses.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Metformin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">(Dose Regimen)</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402960332"/> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Metformin</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Change</content> <footnote ID="_Ref402961202">Percent change (with/without coadministered drug and no change = 0%); ↑ and ↓ indicate the exposure increase and decrease, respectively.</footnote> <content styleCode="bold"> in AUC</content> <footnote ID="_Ref402961248">AUC = AUC(INF).</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Change</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402961202"/> <content styleCode="bold"> in C_max </content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">No dosing adjustments required for the following:</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Glyburide (5 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>850 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓9%<footnote ID="_Ref402961645">Ratio of arithmetic means.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓7%<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402961645"/> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Furosemide (40 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>850 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑15%<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402961645"/> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑22%<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402961645"/> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Nifedipine (10 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>850 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑9%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑20%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Propranolol (40 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>850 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓10%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓6%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Ibuprofen (400 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>850 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑5%<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402961645"/> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑7%<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402961645"/> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Drugs eliminated by renal tubular secretion may increase the accumulation of metformin </content> <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_380aa66c-6b6d-4f03-8db8-e6b9a16ba6ad">Drug Interactions (7.4)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Cimetidine (400 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>850 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑40%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑60%</paragraph> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_70e24908-f855-4159-bdf4-f98c2525943e"> <id root="4e07b82d-35f3-4955-bd11-5a66d6285686"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Effects of Metformin on Other Drugs</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Table 6 shows the effect of metformin on other coadministered drugs.</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 6: Effect of Metformin on Coadministered Drug Systemic Exposure</caption> <col width="35%"/> <col width="23%"/> <col width="23%"/> <col width="18%"/> <thead> <tr> <th align="left" rowspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Coadministered Drug<br/>(Dose Regimen)</content> <footnote ID="_Ref402962176">All metformin and coadministered drugs were given as single doses. </footnote> <content styleCode="bold"/> </th> <th align="center" rowspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Metformin <br/>(Dose Regimen)</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402962176"/> </th> <th align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Coadministered Drug</content> </th> </tr> <tr> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Change</content> <footnote ID="_Ref402962451">Percent change (with/without coadministered drug and no change = 0%); ↑ and ↓ indicate the exposure increase and decrease, respectively.</footnote> <content styleCode="bold"> in AUC</content> <footnote ID="_Ref402962469">AUC = AUC(INF) unless otherwise noted.</footnote> </th> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Change</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402962451"/> <content styleCode="bold"> in C_max </content> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">No dosing adjustments required for the following:</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Glyburide (5 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>850 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓22%<footnote ID="_Ref402962549">Ratio of arithmetic means, p-value of difference &lt;0.05.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓37%<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402962549"/> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Furosemide (40 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>850 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓12%<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402962549"/> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓31%<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402962549"/> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Nifedipine (10 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>850 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑10%<footnote ID="_Ref402962637">AUC(0-24 hr) reported.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑8%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Propranolol (40 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>850 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑1%<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402962637"/> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑2%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Ibuprofen (400 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>850 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓3%<footnote ID="_Ref402962672">Ratio of arithmetic means.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑1%<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402962672"/> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Cimetidine (400 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>850 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓5%<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402962637"/> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑1%</paragraph> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_d2534841-fe5e-43ee-9bc7-b6442e3bf880"> <id root="96166206-fd36-4051-9ae3-0b4f36864151"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Effects of Other Drugs on Dapagliflozin</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Table 7 shows the effect of coadministered drugs on dapagliflozin. No dose adjustments are recommended for dapagliflozin.</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 7: Effects of Coadministered Drugs on Dapagliflozin Systemic Exposure</caption> <col width="48%"/> <col width="19%"/> <col width="16%"/> <col width="15%"/> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Coadministered Drug <br/>(Dose Regimen)</content> <footnote ID="_Ref402964180">Single dose unless otherwise noted.</footnote> <content styleCode="bold"/> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin<br/>(Dose Regimen)</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402964180"/> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Change</content> <footnote ID="_Ref22820956">Percent change (with/without coadministered drug and no change = 0%); ↑ and ↓ indicate the exposure increase and decrease, respectively.</footnote> <content styleCode="bold"> in AUC</content> <footnote ID="_Ref402964222">AUC = AUC(INF) for drugs given as single dose and AUC = AUC(TAU) for drugs given in multiple doses.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Change</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22820956"/> <content styleCode="bold"> in C_max </content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">No dosing adjustments required for the following:</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Oral Antidiabetic Agents</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Metformin (1000 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>20 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓1%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓7%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Pioglitazone (45 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>50 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑9%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Sitagliptin (100 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>20 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑8%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓4%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Glimepiride (4 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>20 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓1%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑1%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Voglibose (0.2 mg three times daily)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>10 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑1%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑4%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Other Medications</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>50 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑7%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓1%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Bumetanide (1 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>10 mg once daily <br/>for 7 days</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑5%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑8%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Valsartan (320 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>20 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑2%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓12%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Simvastatin (40 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>20 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓1%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓2%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Anti-infective Agent</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Rifampin (600 mg once daily for 6 days)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>10 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓22%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓7%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Mefenamic Acid (loading dose of 500 mg followed by 14 doses of     250  mg every 6 hours)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>10 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑51%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑13%</paragraph> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_ecdb28c1-d595-49c8-b791-e28308fd3936"> <id root="cfd7e2e6-7bf3-48ff-a419-5a62a8823b26"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Effects of Dapagliflozin on Other Drugs</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Table 8 shows the effect of dapagliflozin on other coadministered drugs. Dapagliflozin did not meaningfully affect the pharmacokinetics of the coadministered drugs.</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 8: Effects of Dapagliflozin on the Systemic Exposures of Coadministered Drugs</caption> <col width="36%"/> <col width="21%"/> <col width="20%"/> <col width="22%"/> <thead> <tr> <th align="left" rowspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Coadministered Drug <br/>(Dose Regimen)</content> <footnote ID="_Ref402433710">Single dose unless otherwise noted.</footnote> <content styleCode="bold"/> </th> <th align="center" rowspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin<br/>(Dose Regimen)</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402433710"/> </th> <th align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Coadministered Drug </content> </th> </tr> <tr> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Change</content> <footnote ID="_Ref402433990">Percent change (with/without coadministered drug and no change = 0%); ↑ and ↓ indicate the exposure increase and decrease, respectively.</footnote> <content styleCode="bold"> <sup/>in<sup/>AUC</content> <footnote ID="_Ref31103810">AUC = AUC(INF) for drugs given as single dose and AUC = AUC(TAU) for drugs given in multiple doses.</footnote> </th> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Change</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref402433990"/> <content styleCode="bold"> in C_max </content> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">No dosing adjustments required for the following:</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Oral Antidiabetic Agents</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Metformin (1000 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>20 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓5%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Pioglitazone (45 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>50 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓7%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Sitagliptin (100 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>20 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑1%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓11%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Glimepiride (4 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>20 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑13%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑4%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Other Medications</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>50 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓1%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓5%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Bumetanide (1 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>10 mg once daily <br/>for 7 days</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑13%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑13%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Valsartan (320 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>20 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑5%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓6%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Simvastatin (40 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>20 mg</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑19%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓6%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>    Digoxin (0.25 mg)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>20 mg loading dose then 10 mg once daily for 7 days</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↓1%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>    Warfarin (25 mg)</paragraph> <paragraph>        S-warfarin <br/>        R-warfarin</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>20 mg loading dose then 10 mg once daily for 7 days</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑3%<br/>↑6%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>↑7%<br/>↑8%</paragraph> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> </section> </component> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_592e5439-f92d-47c7-a8f6-2cbc79b38930"> <id root="ea88ab8d-f553-441d-8cba-7e5679504cca"/> <code code="43680-8" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION"/> <title>13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_70f65bef-4076-4aec-a9ec-1d5fc71dc43c"> <id root="afd8eb2a-fdef-4205-baf9-0ece4f135efe"/> <code code="34083-6" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="CARCINOGENESIS &amp; MUTAGENESIS &amp; IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION"/> <title>13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_8e4a9cf1-aea9-468f-9059-321b0359492b"> <id root="8e4a9cf1-aea9-468f-9059-321b0359492b"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">XIGDUO XR</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>No animal studies have been conducted with XIGDUO XR to evaluate carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, or impairment of fertility. The following data are based on the findings in the studies with dapagliflozin and metformin individually.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20141030"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_43b5afc9-3cfc-49c4-9119-74b56a53bd92"> <id root="fac02229-446a-4c85-9835-c79b028a7624"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin did not induce tumors in either mice or rats at any of the doses evaluated in 2-year carcinogenicity studies. Oral doses in mice consisted of 5, 15, and 40 mg/kg/day in males and 2, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day in females, and oral doses in rats were 0.5, 2, and 10 mg/kg/day for both males and females. The highest doses evaluated in mice were approximately 72-times (males) and 105-times (females) the clinical dose of 10 mg per day, based on AUC exposure. In rats, the highest dose was approximately 131-times (males) and 186-times (females) the clinical dose of 10 mg per day, based on AUC exposure.</paragraph> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin was negative in the Ames mutagenicity assay and was positive in a series of <content styleCode="italics">in vitro</content> clastogenicity assays in the presence of S9 activation and at concentrations greater than or equal to 100 μg/mL. Dapagliflozin was negative for clastogenicity in a series of <content styleCode="italics">in vivo</content> studies evaluating micronuclei or DNA repair in rats at exposure multiples greater than 2100-times the clinical dose.</paragraph> <paragraph>There was no carcinogenicity or mutagenicity signal in animal studies, suggesting that dapagliflozin does not represent a genotoxic risk to humans.</paragraph> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin had no effects on mating, fertility, or early embryonic development in treated male or female rats at exposure multiples less than or equal to 1708-times and 998-times the maximum recommended human dose in males and females, respectively.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_0104d11d-21fc-4dd6-a4ec-6853e5b9086e"> <id root="3d6925f6-3d7b-4cfb-b762-782042724235"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <text> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Metformin HCl</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Long-term carcinogenicity studies have been performed in rats (dosing duration of 104 weeks) and mice (dosing duration of 91 weeks) at doses up to and including 900 and 1500 mg/kg/day, respectively. These doses are both approximately 4 times the maximum recommended human dose of 2000 mg based on body surface area comparisons. No evidence of carcinogenicity with metformin was found in either male or female mice. Similarly, there was no tumorigenic potential observed with metformin in male rats. There was, however, an increased incidence of benign stromal uterine polyps in female rats treated with 900 mg/kg/day.</paragraph> <paragraph>There was no evidence of a mutagenic potential of metformin in the following <content styleCode="italics">in vitro</content> tests: Ames test (<content styleCode="italics">S. typhimurium</content>), gene mutation test (mouse lymphoma cells), or chromosomal aberrations test (human lymphocytes). Results in the <content styleCode="italics">in vivo</content> mouse micronucleus test were also negative.</paragraph> <paragraph>Fertility of male or female rats was unaffected by metformin when administered at doses as high as 600 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 3 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area comparisons.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_b66a347f-aee5-433f-9141-6a7a30a9134e"> <id root="9a88ecf7-5217-4988-abf9-6184455641de"/> <code code="34092-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION"/> <title>14 CLINICAL STUDIES</title> <text> <paragraph>There have been no clinical efficacy studies conducted with XIGDUO XR combination tablets to characterize its effect on HbA1c reduction. XIGDUO XR is considered to be bioequivalent to coadministered dapagliflozin and metformin HCl extended-release (XR) tablets <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#_RefID_fcf9ff18-c671-4e64-9160-5ffca0bbe">Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)</linkHtml>]</content>. Relative bioavailability studies between XIGDUO XR and coadministered dapagliflozin and metformin HCl immediate-release (IR) tablets have not been conducted. The metformin HCl XR tablets and metformin HCl IR tablets have a similar extent of absorption (as measured by AUC), while peak plasma levels of XR tablets are approximately 20% lower than those of IR tablets at the same dose.</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_6936111d-e85f-45f1-a8fc-17937c54970e"> <id root="49792786-3825-4562-8d67-70248d1f3ccd"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>14.1 Glycemic Control </title> <text> <paragraph>The coadministration of dapagliflozin and metformin XR tablets has been studied in treatment-naive patients inadequately controlled on diet and exercise alone. The coadministration of dapagliflozin and metformin IR or XR tablets has been studied in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin and compared with a sulfonylurea (glipizide) in combination with metformin. Treatment with dapagliflozin plus metformin at all doses produced clinically relevant and statistically significant improvements in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) compared to placebo in combination with metformin (initial or add-on therapy). HbA1c reductions were seen across subgroups including gender, age, race, duration of disease, and baseline body mass index (BMI).</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_d4874021-b69d-47ab-ae8a-d77d8ab57f16"> <id root="42b0ad74-8a0d-46a2-86ee-ddde97d25412"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Initial Combination Therapy with Metformin Extended-Release</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>A total of 1236 treatment-naive patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c ≥7.5% and ≤12%) participated in 2 active-controlled studies of 24-week duration to evaluate initial therapy with dapagliflozin 5 mg (NCT00643851) or 10 mg (NCT00859898) in combination with metformin extended-release (XR) formulation.</paragraph> <paragraph>In one study, 638 patients randomized to 1 of 3 treatment arms following a 1-week lead-in period received: dapagliflozin 10 mg plus metformin XR (up to 2000 mg/day), dapagliflozin 10 mg plus placebo, or metformin XR (up to 2000 mg/day) plus placebo. Metformin XR dose was up-titrated weekly in 500 mg increments, as tolerated, with a median dose achieved of 2000 mg.</paragraph> <paragraph>The combination treatment of dapagliflozin 10 mg plus metformin XR provided statistically significant improvements in HbA1c and FPG compared with either of the monotherapy treatments and statistically significant reduction in body weight compared with metformin XR alone (see Table 9 and Figure 2). Dapagliflozin 10 mg as monotherapy also provided statistically significant improvements in FPG and statistically significant reduction in body weight compared with metformin alone and was noninferior to metformin XR monotherapy in lowering HbA1c.</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 9: Results at Week 24 (LOCF<footnote ID="_Ref22629578">LOCF: last observation (prior to rescue for rescued patients) carried forward.</footnote>) in an Active-Controlled Study of Dapagliflozin Initial Combination Therapy with Metformin XR</caption> <col width="49%"/> <col width="18%"/> <col width="18%"/> <col width="15%"/> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Efficacy Parameter</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">10 mg</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">+</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Metformin XR</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">10 mg</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Metformin XR</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"/> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=211<footnote ID="_Ref22629668">All randomized patients who took at least one dose of double-blind study medication during the short-term double-blind period.</footnote> </content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=219</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22629668"/> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=208</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22629668"/> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">HbA1c (%)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Baseline (mean)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>9.1</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>9.0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>9.0</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Change from baseline (adjusted mean<footnote ID="_Ref22629887">Least squares mean adjusted for baseline value.</footnote>) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-2.0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-1.5</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-1.4</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from dapagliflozin (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22629887"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.5<footnote ID="_Ref22630017">p-value &lt;0.0001.</footnote> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-0.7, -0.3)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from metformin XR (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22629887"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.5<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22630017"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-0.8, -0.3)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0.0<footnote ID="_Ref22630024">Noninferior versus metformin XR.</footnote> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-0.2, 0.2)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Percent of patients achieving HbA1c &lt;7% adjusted for baseline</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>46.6%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>31.7%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>35.2%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">FPG (mg/dL)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Baseline (mean)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>189.6</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>197.5</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>189.9</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Change from baseline (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22629887"/>) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-60.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-46.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-34.8</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from dapagliflozin (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22629887"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-13.9<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22630017"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-20.9, -7.0)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from metformin XR (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22629887"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-25.5<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22630017"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-32.6, -18.5)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-11.6<footnote ID="_Ref22630565">p-value &lt;0.05.</footnote> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-18.6, -4.6)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Body Weight (kg)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Baseline (mean)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>88.6</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>88.5</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>87.2</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Change from baseline (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22629887"/>) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-3.3</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-2.7</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-1.4</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from metformin XR (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22629887"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-2.0<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22630017"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-2.6, -1.3)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-1.4<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22630017"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-2.0, -0.7)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/> </tr> </tbody> </table> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Figure 2: Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline Over Time in HbA1c (%) in a 24-Week Active-Controlled Study of Dapagliflozin Initial Combination Therapy with Metformin XR</content> </paragraph> <renderMultiMedia ID="id828096634" referencedObject="ID_59732cbb-49e2-4f81-9427-066694546c2a"/> <paragraph>In the second study, 603 patients were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment arms following a 1-week lead-in period: dapagliflozin 5 mg plus metformin XR (up to 2000 mg/day), dapagliflozin 5 mg plus placebo, or metformin XR (up to 2000 mg/day) plus placebo. Metformin XR dose was up-titrated weekly in 500 mg increments, as tolerated, with a median dose achieved of 2000 mg.</paragraph> <paragraph>The combination treatment of dapagliflozin 5 mg plus metformin XR provided statistically significant improvements in HbA1c and FPG compared with either of the monotherapy treatments and statistically significant reduction in body weight compared with metformin XR alone (see Table 10). </paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 10: Results at Week 24 (LOCF<footnote ID="_Ref22631404">LOCF: last observation (prior to rescue for rescued patients) carried forward.</footnote>) in an Active-Controlled Study of Dapagliflozin Initial Combination Therapy with Metformin XR</caption> <col width="49%"/> <col width="18%"/> <col width="18%"/> <col width="15%"/> <tbody> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Efficacy Parameter</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">5 mg</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">+</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Metformin XR</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">5 mg</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Metformin XR</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"/> <td align="center" valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=194</content> <footnote ID="_Ref22631436">All randomized patients who took at least one dose of double-blind study medication during the short-term double-blind period.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=203</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631436"/> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=201</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631436"/> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">HbA1c (%)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Baseline (mean)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>9.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>9.1</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>9.1</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Change from baseline (adjusted mean<footnote ID="_Ref22631560">Least squares mean adjusted for baseline value.</footnote>) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-2.1</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-1.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-1.4</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from dapagliflozin (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631560"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.9<footnote ID="_Ref22631647">p-value &lt;0.0001.</footnote> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-1.1, -0.6)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from metformin XR (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631560"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.7<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631647"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-0.9, -0.5)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Percent of patients achieving HbA1c &lt;7% adjusted for baseline</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>52.4%<footnote ID="_Ref22631955">p-value &lt;0.05.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>22.5%</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>34.6%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">FPG (mg/dL)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Baseline (mean)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>193.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>190.8</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>196.7</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Change from baseline (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631560"/>) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-61.0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-42.0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-33.6</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from dapagliflozin (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631560"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-19.1<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631647"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-26.7, -11.4)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from metformin XR (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631560"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-27.5<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631647"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-35.1, -19.8)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Body Weight (kg)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Baseline (mean)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>84.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>86.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>85.8</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Change from baseline (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631560"/>) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-2.7</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-2.6</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-1.3</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from metformin XR (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631560"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-1.4<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22631647"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-2.0, -0.7)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/> </tr> </tbody> </table> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <observationMedia ID="ID_59732cbb-49e2-4f81-9427-066694546c2a"> <text>Figure 2</text> <value mediaType="image/jpeg"> <reference value="image-04.jpg"/> </value> </observationMedia> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_97b71544-4be1-4e1c-a174-c0ce35702804"> <id root="ab109a32-ffe2-414c-9ea6-e6e6ed3544fb"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Add-On to Metformin Immediate-Release</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>A total of 546 patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7% and ≤10%) participated in a 24-week, placebo-controlled study to evaluate dapagliflozin in combination with metformin (NCT00528879). Patients on metformin at a dose of at least 1500 mg/day were randomized after completing a 2-week, single-blind, placebo lead-in period. Following the lead-in period, eligible patients were randomized to dapagliflozin 5 mg, dapagliflozin 10 mg, or placebo in addition to their current dose of metformin.</paragraph> <paragraph>As add-on treatment to metformin, dapagliflozin 10 mg provided statistically significant improvements in HbA1c and FPG, and statistically significant reduction in body weight compared with placebo at Week 24 (see Table 11 and Figure 3). Statistically significant (p&lt;0.05 for both doses) mean changes from baseline <content styleCode="bold"/>in systolic blood pressure relative to placebo plus metformin were -4.5 mmHg and -5.3 mmHg with dapagliflozin 5 mg and 10 mg plus metformin, respectively.</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 11: Results of a 24-Week (LOCF<footnote ID="_Ref22632632">LOCF: last observation (prior to rescue for rescued patients) carried forward.</footnote>) Placebo-Controlled Study of Dapagliflozin in Add-On Combination with Metformin</caption> <col width="47%"/> <col width="18%"/> <col width="18%"/> <col width="15%"/> <tbody> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Efficacy Parameter</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">10 mg</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">+</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Metformin</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">5 mg</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">+</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Metformin</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold"> </content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">+</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Metformin </content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"/> <td align="center" valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=135</content> <footnote ID="_Ref22632670">All randomized patients who took at least one dose of double-blind study medication during the short-term double-blind period.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=137</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632670"/> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=137</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632670"/> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">HbA1c (%)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Baseline (mean)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>7.9</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>8.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>8.1</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Change from baseline (adjusted mean<footnote ID="_Ref22632694">Least squares mean adjusted for baseline value.</footnote>) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.8 </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.7</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.3</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from placebo (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632694"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.5<footnote ID="_Ref22632750">p-value &lt;0.0001 versus placebo + metformin.</footnote> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-0.7, -0.3)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.4<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632750"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-0.6, -0.2)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Percent of patients achieving HbA1c &lt;7% adjusted for baseline</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>40.6%<footnote ID="_Ref22633148">p-value &lt;0.05 versus placebo + metformin.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>37.5%<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22633148"/> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>25.9%</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">FPG (mg/dL)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Baseline (mean)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>156.0 </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>169.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>165.6 </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Change from baseline at Week 24 (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632694"/>) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-23.5</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-21.5</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-6.0 </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from placebo (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632694"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-17.5<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632750"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-25.0, -10.0)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-15.5<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632750"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-22.9, -8.1)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Change from baseline at Week 1 </paragraph> <paragraph>(adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632694"/>)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-16.5<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632750"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(N=115)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-12.0<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632750"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(N=121)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.2<br/>(N=126)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Body Weight (kg)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Baseline (mean)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>86.3 </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>84.7</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>87.7 </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Change from baseline (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632694"/>) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-2.9 </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-3.0</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.9 </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from placebo (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632694"/>) (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-2.0<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632750"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-2.6, -1.3)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-2.2<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22632750"/> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-2.8, -1.5)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/> </tr> </tbody> </table> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Figure 3: Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline Over Time in HbA1c (%) in a 24-Week Placebo-Controlled Study of Dapagliflozin in Combination with Metformin</content> </paragraph> <renderMultiMedia ID="id-897822562" referencedObject="ID_34fb986b-ae27-4f04-9ca4-eac834784394"/> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <observationMedia ID="ID_34fb986b-ae27-4f04-9ca4-eac834784394"> <text>Figure 3: Graph</text> <value mediaType="image/jpeg"> <reference value="image-05.jpg"/> </value> </observationMedia> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_46e72208-7930-4004-9bb0-2c9a5432d0b1"> <id root="92a88474-fa3b-4bed-bc4c-fbd0c4b880a2"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Active Glipizide-Controlled Study Add-On to Metformin Immediate-Release</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>A total of 816 patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c &gt;6.5% and ≤10%) were randomized in a 52-week, glipizide-controlled, noninferiority study to evaluate dapagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin (NCT00660907). Patients on metformin at a dose of at least 1500 mg/day were randomized following a 2-week placebo lead-in period to glipizide or dapagliflozin (5 mg or 2.5 mg, respectively) and were up-titrated over 18 weeks to optimal glycemic effect (FPG &lt;110 mg/dL, &lt;6.1 mmol/L) or to the highest dose level (up to glipizide 20 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg) as tolerated by patients. Thereafter, doses were kept constant, except for down-titration to prevent hypoglycemia.</paragraph> <paragraph>At the end of the titration period, 87% of patients treated with dapagliflozin had been titrated to the maximum study dose (10 mg) versus 73% treated with glipizide (20 mg). Dapagliflozin treatment led to a similar mean reduction in HbA1c from baseline at Week 52 (LOCF), compared with glipizide, thus demonstrating noninferiority (see Table 12). Dapagliflozin treatment led to a statistically significant mean reduction in body weight from baseline at Week 52 (LOCF) compared with a mean increase in body weight in the glipizide group. Statistically significant (p&lt;0.0001) mean change from baseline in systolic blood pressure relative to glipizide plus metformin was −5.0 mmHg with dapagliflozin plus metformin.</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 12: Results at Week 52 (LOCF<footnote ID="_Ref22633406">LOCF: last observation carried forward.</footnote>) in an Active-Controlled Study Comparing Dapagliflozin to Glipizide as Add-On to Metformin</caption> <col width="58%"/> <col width="23%"/> <col width="19%"/> <tbody> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Efficacy Parameter</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">+</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Metformin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=400</content> <footnote ID="_Ref22633453">Randomized and treated patients with baseline and at least 1 postbaseline efficacy measurement.</footnote> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Glipizide</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">+</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Metformin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=401</content> <footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22633453"/> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">HbA1c (%)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Baseline (mean)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>7.7</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>7.7</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Change from baseline (adjusted mean<footnote ID="_Ref22633542">Least squares mean adjusted for baseline value.</footnote>) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.5</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.5</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from glipizide + metformin (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22633542"/>) </paragraph> <paragraph>  (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0.0<footnote ID="_Ref22822968">Noninferior to glipizide + metformin.</footnote> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-0.1, 0.1)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"/> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Body Weight (kg)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Baseline (mean)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>88.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>87.6</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Change from baseline (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22633542"/>) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-3.2</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>1.4</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Difference from glipizide + metformin (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22633542"/>) </paragraph> <paragraph>  (95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-4.7<footnote ID="_Ref22633718">p-value &lt;0.0001.</footnote> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-5.1, -4.2)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/> </tr> </tbody> </table> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_7c306b00-5b3d-41d6-9738-54822cde7596"> <id root="20bc34bc-85d5-4f8c-8805-ada9b7406312"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Use in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin was assessed in two placebo-controlled studies of patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment. </paragraph> <paragraph>Patients with type 2 diabetes and an eGFR between 45 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m² inadequately controlled on current diabetes therapy participated in a 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study (NCT02413398). Patients were randomized to either dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo, administered orally once daily. At Week 24, dapagliflozin provided statistically significant reductions in HbA1c compared with placebo (Table 13).</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 13: Results at Week 24 of Placebo-Controlled Study for Dapagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Renal Impairment (eGFR 45 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m²)</caption> <col width="50%"/> <col width="27%"/> <col width="23%"/> <tbody> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin 10 mg</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Number of patients:</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=160</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=161</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">HbA1c (%)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Baseline (mean)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>8.3</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>8.0</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Change from baseline (adjusted mean<footnote ID="_Ref22633951">Least squares mean adjusted for baseline value; at Week 24, HbA1c was missing for 5.6% and 6.8% of individuals treated with dapagliflozin and placebo, respectively. Retrieved dropouts, i.e. observed HbA1c at Week 24 from subjects who discontinued treatment, were used to impute missing values in HbA1c. </footnote>)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.4</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.1</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Difference from placebo (adjusted mean<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref22633951"/>) </paragraph> <paragraph>(95% CI)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>-0.3<footnote ID="_Ref22634106">p-value =0.008 versus placebo.</footnote> </paragraph> <paragraph>(-0.5, -0.1)</paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/> </tr> </tbody> </table> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_404a0b1b-410c-4630-a7e6-8823133aac25"> <id root="42f3c187-5ebc-4a12-9cc0-b9074a32071a"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title>14.2 Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus </title> <text> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events (DECLARE, NCT01730534) was an international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study conducted to determine the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg relative to placebo on CV outcomes when added to current background therapy. All patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus and either established CVD or two or more additional CV risk factors (age ≥55 years in men or ≥60 years in women and one or more of dyslipidemia, hypertension, or current tobacco use).Concomitant antidiabetic and atherosclerotic therapies could be adjusted, at the discretion of investigators, to ensure participants were treated according to the standard care for these diseases.</paragraph> <paragraph>Of 17160 randomized patients, 6974 (40.6%) had established CVD and 10186 (59.4%) did not have established CVD. A total of 8582 patients were randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg, 8578 to placebo, and patients were followed for a median of 4.2 years. </paragraph> <paragraph>Approximately 80% of the trial population was White, 4% Black or African-American, and 13% Asian. The mean age was 64 years, and approximately 63% were male.</paragraph> <paragraph>Mean duration of diabetes was 11.9 years and 22.4% of patients had diabetes for less than 5 years. Mean eGFR was 85.2 mL/min/1.73 m². At baseline, 23.5% of patients had microalbuminuria (UACR ≥30 to ≤300 mg/g) and 6.8% had macroalbuminuria (UACR &gt;300 mg/g). Mean HbA1c was 8.3% and mean BMI was 32.1 kg/m². At baseline, 10% of patients had a history of heart failure. </paragraph> <paragraph>Most patients (98.1%) used one or more diabetic medications at baseline. 82.0% of the patients were being treated with metformin, 40.9% with insulin, 42.7% with a sulfonylurea, 16.8% with a DPP4 inhibitor, and 4.4% with a GLP-1 receptor agonist.</paragraph> <paragraph>Approximately 81.3% of patients were treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, 75.0% with statins, 61.1% with antiplatelet therapy, 55.5% with acetylsalicylic acid, 52.6% with beta-blockers, 34.9% with calcium channel blockers, 22.0% with thiazide diuretics, and 10.5% with loop diuretics.</paragraph> <paragraph>A Cox proportional hazards model was used to test for non-inferiority against the pre-specified risk margin of 1.3 for the hazard ratio (HR) of the composite of CV death, myocardial infarction (MI), or ischemic stroke and to test for superiority on the dual primary endpoints: the composite of hospitalization for heart failure or CV death, and MACE, if non-inferiority was demonstrated. </paragraph> <paragraph>The incidence rate of MACE was similar in both treatment arms: 2.3 MACE events per 100 patient-years on dapagliflozin vs. 2.46 MACE events per 100 patient-years on placebo. The estimated hazard ratio of MACE associated with dapagliflozin relative to placebo was 0.93 with a 95.38% confidence interval of (0.84,1.03). The upper bound of this confidence interval, 1.03, excluded a risk margin larger than 1.3. </paragraph> <paragraph>Dapagliflozin 10 mg was superior to placebo in reducing the incidence of the primary composite endpoint of hospitalization for heart failure or CV death (HR 0.83 [95% CI 0.73, 0.95]).</paragraph> <paragraph>The treatment effect was due to a significant reduction in the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in subjects randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg (HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.61, 0.88]), with no change in the risk of CV death (Table 14 and Figures 4 and 5). </paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 14: Treatment Effects for the Primary Endpoints* and Their Components<footnote ID="_Ref22634503">Full analysis set.</footnote> in the DECLARE Study</caption> <col width="43%"/> <col width="21%"/> <col width="16%"/> <col width="20%"/> <tbody> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/> <td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Patients with events n(%)</content> </paragraph> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Efficacy Variable</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">(time to first occurrence)</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Dapagliflozin</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">10 mg</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=8582</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">N=8578</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Hazard Ratio</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">(95% CI)</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Primary Endpoints</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Composite of Hospitalization for Heart Failure, CV Death<footnote ID="_Ref22634540">p-value =0.005 versus placebo</footnote> </content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>417 (4.9)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>496 (5.8)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>0.83 (0.73, 0.95)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Composite Endpoint of CV Death, MI, Ischemic Stroke</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>756 (8.8)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>803 (9.4)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>0.93 (0.84, 1.03)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Components of the composite endpoints<footnote ID="_Ref22634696">total number of events presented for each component of the composite endpoints</footnote> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Hospitalization for Heart Failure</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>212 (2.5)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>286 (3.3)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>0.73 (0.61, 0.88)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  CV Death</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>245 (2.9)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>249 (2.9)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>0.98 (0.82, 1.17)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Myocardial Infarction</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>393 (4.6)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>441 (5.1)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>0.89 (0.77, 1.01)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>  Ischemic Stroke</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>235 (2.7)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>231 (2.7)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle"> <paragraph>1.01 (0.84, 1.21)</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" valign="top"> <paragraph>N=Number of patients, CI=Confidence interval, CV=Cardiovascular, MI=Myocardial infarction, eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate, ESRD=End stage renal disease</paragraph> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Figure 4: Time to First Occurrence of Hospitalization for Heart Failure or CV Death in the DECLARE Study</content> </paragraph> <content styleCode="bold"> <renderMultiMedia ID="id-235480729" referencedObject="ID_35e63495-91c9-462a-8967-2da22b86b37b"/> </content> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Figure 5: Time to First Occurrence of Hospitalization for Heart Failure in the DECLARE Study</content> </paragraph> <renderMultiMedia ID="id560143573" referencedObject="C38B2FDA-4A70-435F-BC0C-57644B1A4A78"/> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <observationMedia ID="ID_35e63495-91c9-462a-8967-2da22b86b37b"> <text>Figure 4</text> <value mediaType="image/jpeg"> <reference value="Figure_4.jpg"/> </value> </observationMedia> </component> <component> <observationMedia ID="C38B2FDA-4A70-435F-BC0C-57644B1A4A78"> <text>Figure 5</text> <value mediaType="image/jpeg"> <reference value="Figure_5.jpg"/> </value> </observationMedia> </component> </section> </component> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_6b6171fe-44bf-4dee-8672-7042b47e6b3c"> <id root="e22c1aa1-104e-4681-806c-482ee0da48a4"/> <code code="34069-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="HOW SUPPLIED SECTION"/> <title>16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING</title> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_92f0ebf8-0261-41fa-858c-e633eb9f8922"> <id root="0d2cead8-8f68-4870-a78a-f28d3ee28c23"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> <component> <section ID="ID_15a3e89f-af6e-4a5e-9ca5-93b9c1e160ac"> <id root="e6990c09-6a76-4468-8da0-cc8a4b7b3cd2"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">How Supplied</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>XIGDUO^® XR (dapagliflozin and metformin HCl extended-release) tablets have markings on one side, are plain on the reverse side, and are available in the strengths and packages listed in Table 15.</paragraph> <table width="100%"> <caption>Table 15: XIGDUO XR Tablet Presentations</caption> <col width="12%"/> <col width="25%"/> <col width="30%"/> <col width="16%"/> <col width="16%"/> <thead> <tr> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Tablet Strength</content> </th> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Film-Coated Tablet</content> <br/> <content styleCode="bold">Color/Shape</content> </th> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Tablet</content> <br/> <content styleCode="bold">Markings</content> </th> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">Pack Size</content> </th> <th align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <content styleCode="bold">NDC Code</content> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">2.5 mg/</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">1000 mg</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Light brown to brown, biconvex, oval-shaped</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>"1074" and "2.5/1000" debossed on one side and plain on the reverse side</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Bottle of 60</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0310-6225-60</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">5 mg/</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">500 mg</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>orange, biconvex, capsule-shaped</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>"1070" and "5/500" debossed on one side and plain on the reverse side</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Bottle of 30<br/>Bottle of 500</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0310-6250-30</paragraph> <paragraph>0310-6250-50</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">5 mg/</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">1000 mg</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>pink to dark pink, biconvex, oval-shaped</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>"1071" and "5/1000" debossed on one side and plain on the reverse side</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Bottle of 30<br/>Bottle of 60<br/>Bottle of 90<br/>Bottle of 400</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0310-6260-30</paragraph> <paragraph>0310-6260-60</paragraph> <paragraph>0310-6260-90</paragraph> <paragraph>0310-6260-40</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">10 mg/</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">500 mg</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>pink, biconvex, capsule-shaped</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>"1072" and "10/500" debossed on one side and plain on the reverse side</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Bottle of 30<br/>Bottle of 500</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0310-6270-30</paragraph> <paragraph>0310-6270-50</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">10 mg/</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">1000 mg</content> </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>yellow to dark yellow, biconvex, oval-shaped</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>"1073" and "10/1000" debossed on one side and plain on the reverse side</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Bottle of 30<br/>Bottle of 90<br/>Bottle of 400</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>0310-6280-30</paragraph> <paragraph>0310-6280-90</paragraph> <paragraph>0310-6280-40</paragraph> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> <component> <section ID="ID_93d1de45-5ebd-4d8e-923d-03da9cf2e5d2"> <id root="8ab23aad-7ac2-4945-8ea5-72f9fc095aee"/> <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/> <title> <content styleCode="bold">Storage and Handling</content> </title> <text> <paragraph>Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section> </component> </section> </component> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_351cb0fc-81a9-42bd-a86e-e0997d8ed07d"> <id root="3c7d390f-1f2c-4dbe-9b92-f332fcc73aec"/> <code code="34076-0" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION"/> <title>17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION</title> <text> <paragraph>Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Lactic Acidosis</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Inform patients of the risks of lactic acidosis due to the metformin component and its symptoms and conditions that predispose to its development <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>. Advise patients to discontinue XIGDUO XR immediately and to promptly notify their healthcare provider if unexplained hyperventilation, myalgia, malaise, unusual somnolence, dizziness, slow or irregular heartbeat, sensation of feeling cold (especially in the extremities), or other nonspecific symptoms occur. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common during initiation of metformin treatment and may occur during initiation of XIGDUO XR therapy; however, inform patients to consult their physician if they develop unexplained symptoms. Although gastrointestinal symptoms that occur after stabilization are unlikely to be drug related, such an occurrence of symptoms should be evaluated to determine if it may be due to lactic acidosis or other serious disease.</paragraph> <paragraph>Counsel patients against excessive alcohol intake while receiving XIGDUO XR <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph>Inform patients about the importance of regular testing of renal function and hematological parameters when receiving treatment with XIGDUO XR <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_29612e65-06c6-4b09-989e-abffcf8307e6">Contraindications (4)</linkHtml> and <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>].</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Instruct patients to inform their healthcare provider that they are taking XIGDUO XR prior to any surgical or radiological procedure, as temporary discontinuation of XIGDUO XR may be required until renal function has been confirmed to be normal <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9497fb64-6b3c-48dc-ae60-065e9a8c2c1c">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Hypotension</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Inform patients that symptomatic hypotension may occur with XIGDUO XR and advise them to contact their healthcare provider if they experience such symptoms <content styleCode="italics">[see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_257b1347-9224-4796-a6f5-f917b2fa1e32">Warnings and Precautions (5.2)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">]</content>. Inform patients that dehydration may increase the risk for hypotension, and to have adequate fluid intake.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Ketoacidosis</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Inform patients that ketoacidosis is a serious life-threatening condition and that cases of ketoacidosis have been reported during use of dapagliflozin, sometimes associated with illness or surgery among other risk factors. Instruct patients to check ketones (when possible) if symptoms consistent with ketoacidosis occur even if blood glucose is not elevated. If symptoms of ketoacidosis (including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tiredness, and labored breathing) occur, instruct patients to discontinue XIGDUO XR and seek medical attention immediately <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_dde28068-53c1-4808-8f96-b2efac938d2c">Warnings and Precautions (5.3)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Acute Kidney Injury</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Inform patients that acute kidney injury has been reported during use of dapagliflozin. Advise patients to seek medical advice immediately if they have reduced oral intake (due to acute illness or fasting) or increased fluid losses (due to vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive heat exposure), as it may be appropriate to temporarily discontinue XIGDUO XR use in those settings <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_9277ebe9-a529-48e1-ae46-9d3cd6366b12">Warnings and Precautions (5.4)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Serious Urinary Tract Infections</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Inform patients of the potential for urinary tract infections, which may be serious. Provide them with information on the symptoms of urinary tract infections. Advise them to seek medical advice promptly if such symptoms occur <content styleCode="italics">[see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_c56c4bc9-72c3-401b-abbf-1d4de5ab2f0e">Warnings and Precautions (5.5)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Hypoglycemia</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Inform patients that the incidence of hypoglycemia may be increased when XIGDUO XR is added to an insulin secretagogue (e.g., sulfonylurea) or insulin <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_6561d44c-3807-4ca8-9112-406a7215ebae">Warnings and Precautions (5.6)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Perineum (Fournier’s Gangrene)</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Inform patients that necrotizing infections of the perineum (Fournier’s Gangrene) have occurred with dapagliflozin, a component of XIGDUO XR. Counsel patients to promptly seek medical attention if they develop pain or tenderness, redness, or swelling of the genitals or the area from the genitals back to the rectum, along with a fever above 100.4°F or malaise <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_4f503774-6716-442f-918f-5d7e0643e53a">Warnings and Precautions (5.7)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Genital Mycotic Infections in Females (e.g., Vulvovaginitis)</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Inform female patients that vaginal yeast infections may occur and provide them with information on the signs and symptoms of vaginal yeast infections. Advise them of treatment options and when to seek medical advice <content styleCode="italics">[see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_b78e2313-4066-4239-8179-ccce48af19b8">Warnings and Precautions (5.9)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Genital Mycotic Infections in Males (e.g., Balanitis) </content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Inform male patients that yeast infections of the penis (e.g., balanitis or balanoposthitis) may occur, especially in patients with prior history. Provide them with information on the signs and symptoms of balanitis and balanoposthitis (rash or redness of the glans or foreskin of the penis). Advise them of treatment options and when to seek medical advice <content styleCode="italics">[see </content> <content styleCode="italics"> <linkHtml href="#ID_b78e2313-4066-4239-8179-ccce48af19b8">Warnings and Precautions (5.9)</linkHtml> </content> <content styleCode="italics">]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Hypersensitivity Reactions</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Inform patients that serious hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., urticaria, anaphylactic reactions, and angioedema) have been reported with the components of XIGDUO XR. Advise patients to immediately report any signs or symptoms suggesting allergic reaction or angioedema, and to take no more of the drug until they have consulted prescribing physicians.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Pregnancy</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Advise pregnant patients of the potential risk to a fetus with treatment with XIGDUO XR. Instruct patients to immediately inform their healthcare provider if pregnant or planning to become pregnant <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_1f90e6d8-773d-4173-8a16-ee1a23671d8e">Use in Specific Populations (8.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Lactation</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Advise patients that use of XIGDUO XR is not recommended while breastfeeding <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_8147bfc4-f090-46c0-a105-6d7b7cc06830">Use in Specific Populations (8.2)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Females and Males of Reproductive Potential</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Inform female patients that treatment with metformin may result in an unintended pregnancy in some premenopausal anovulatory females due to its effect on ovulation <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_061b3bb7-3c02-4d1a-a057-59c5b6d2026b">Use in Specific Populations (8.3)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Administration</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Instruct patients that XIGDUO XR must be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed, and that the inactive ingredients may occasionally be eliminated in the feces as a soft mass that may resemble the original tablet.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="italics">Laboratory Tests</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Due to the mechanism of action of dapagliflozin, patients taking XIGDUO XR will test positive for glucose in their urine.</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold"> <content styleCode="italics">Missed Dose</content> </content> </paragraph> <paragraph>If a dose is missed, advise patients to take it as soon as it is remembered unless it is almost time for the next dose, in which case patients should skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Advise patients not to take two doses of XIGDUO XR at the same time. </paragraph> <paragraph>GLUCOPHAGE^® is a registered trademark of Merck Santé S.A.S., a subsidiary of Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany, licensed to Bristol-Myers Squibb Company.</paragraph> <paragraph>FARXIGA^® is a registered trademark of the AstraZeneca group of companies.</paragraph> <paragraph>Distributed by:</paragraph> <paragraph>AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP</paragraph> <paragraph>Wilmington, DE 19850</paragraph> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section ID="ID_263c226f-ca26-4376-9e4f-b4ab96a1dee0"> <id root="7262c3c5-eae6-4606-8b67-0723f8ad4950"/> <code code="42231-1" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL MEDGUIDE SECTION"/> <title>  </title> <text> <table width="100%"> <col width="2%"/> <col width="0%"/> <col width="1%"/> <col width="32%"/> <col width="1%"/> <col width="20%"/> <col width="2%"/> <col width="1%"/> <col width="21%"/> <col width="20%"/> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">MEDICATION GUIDE</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">XIGDUO^® XR (ZIG-DO-OH X-R)</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">(dapagliflozin and metformin HCl extended-release)</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">tablets, for oral use</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">What is the most important information I should know about XIGDUO XR?</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">XIGDUO XR can cause serious side effects, including:</content> </paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">Lactic Acidosis. Metformin</content>, one of the medicines in XIGDUO XR, can cause a rare but serious condition called lactic acidosis (a build-up of an acid in the blood) that can cause death. Lactic acidosis is a medical emergency and must be treated in the hospital.</item> </list> <paragraph>Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms, which could be signs of lactic acidosis:</paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption> </caption> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>you feel cold in your hands or feet</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>you feel dizzy or lightheaded</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>you have a slow or irregular heartbeat</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>you feel very weak or tired</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>you have unusual (not normal) muscle pain</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>you have trouble breathing</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>you feel unusual sleepiness or sleep longer than usual</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>you have stomach pains, nausea or vomiting</item> </list> </item> </list> <paragraph>Most people who have had lactic acidosis with metformin have other things that, combined with the metformin use, led to the lactic acidosis. Tell your healthcare provider if you have any of the following, because you have a higher chance for getting lactic acidosis with XIGDUO XR if you:</paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption> </caption> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>have severe kidney problems or your kidneys are affected by certain x-ray tests that use injectable dye.</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>have liver problems.</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>drink alcohol very often, or drink a lot of alcohol in short-term "binge" drinking.</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>get dehydrated (lose a large amount of body fluids). This can happen if you are sick with a fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Dehydration can also happen when you sweat a lot with activity or exercise and do not drink enough fluids.</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>have surgery.</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>have a heart attack, severe infection, or stroke.</item> </list> </item> </list> <paragraph>The best way to keep from having a problem with lactic acidosis from metformin is to tell your healthcare provider if you have any of the problems in the list above. Your healthcare provider may decide to stop your XIGDUO XR for a while if you have any of these things.</paragraph> <paragraph>XIGDUO XR can have other serious side effects. See “<content styleCode="bold">What are the possible side effects of XIGDUO XR?</content>”</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">What is XIGDUO XR?</content> </paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>XIGDUO XR contains 2 prescription medicines called dapagliflozin (FARXIGA) and metformin HCl (GLUCOPHAGE). XIGDUO XR is used to:<list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>improve blood sugar (glucose) control along with diet and exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes and known cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors</item> </list> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>XIGDUO XR is not for people with type 1 diabetes.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>XIGDUO XR is not for people with diabetic ketoacidosis (increased ketones in your blood or urine).</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>It is not known if XIGDUO XR is safe and effective in children younger than 18 years of age.</item> </list> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Who should not take XIGDUO XR?</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Do not take XIGDUO XR if you:</content> </paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>have moderate to severe kidney problems or are on dialysis.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>are allergic to dapagliflozin, metformin HCl, or any of the ingredients in XIGDUO XR. See the end of this Medication Guide for a list of ingredients in XIGDUO XR. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction to XIGDUO XR may include:<list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>skin rash</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>raised red patches on your skin (hives)</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing</item> </list> </item> <item> <caption> </caption>If you have any of these symptoms, stop taking XIGDUO XR and contact your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>have a condition called metabolic acidosis or diabetic ketoacidosis (increased ketones in your blood or urine).</item> </list> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking XIGDUO XR?</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Before you take XIGDUO XR, tell your healthcare provider if you:</content> </paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>have type 1 diabetes or have had diabetic ketoacidosis.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>have kidney problems.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>have liver problems.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>have a history of urinary tract infections or problems urinating.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>have heart problems, including congestive heart failure.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>are going to have surgery and will not be able to eat or drink much. Your doctor may stop XIGDUO XR before you have surgery. Talk to your doctor if you are having surgery about when to stop taking XIGDUO XR and when to start it again. See “<content styleCode="bold">What is the most important information I should know about XIGDUO XR?</content>”</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>are eating less, or there is a change in your diet.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>have or have had problems with your pancreas, including pancreatitis or surgery on your pancreas.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>drink alcohol very often, or drink a lot of alcohol in the short-term (“binge” drinking).</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>are going to get an injection of dye or contrast agents for an x-ray procedure. XIGDUO XR may need to be stopped for a short time. Talk to your healthcare provider about when you should stop XIGDUO XR and when you should start XIGDUO XR again. See “<content styleCode="bold">What is the most important information I should know about XIGDUO XR</content>?”</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. XIGDUO XR may harm your unborn baby. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to control your blood sugar.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if XIGDUO XR passes into your breast milk. Talk with your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby if you are taking XIGDUO XR.</item> </list> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take</content>, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. </paragraph> <paragraph>XIGDUO XR may affect the way other medicines work and other medicines may affect the way XIGDUO XR works. Especially tell your healthcare provider if you take:</paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>water pills (diuretics)</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>rifampin (used to treat or prevent tuberculosis)</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>phenytoin (used to control seizures)</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>digoxin (used to treat heart problems)</item> </list> <paragraph>Ask your healthcare provider for a list of these medicines if you are not sure if your medicine is listed above.</paragraph> <paragraph>Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them and show it to your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">How should I take XIGDUO XR?</content> </paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>Take XIGDUO XR exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to take it.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Do not change your dose of XIGDUO XR without talking to your healthcare provider.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Take XIGDUO XR by mouth 1 time each day with meals to lower your chance of an upset stomach. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best time of day for you.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Swallow XIGDUO XR whole. Do not crush, cut, or chew XIGDUO XR.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>You may sometimes pass a soft mass in your stools (bowel movement) that looks like XIGDUO XR tablets.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>When your body is under some types of stress, such as fever, trauma (such as a car accident), infection, or surgery, the amount of diabetes medicine you need may change. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have any of these conditions and follow your healthcare provider’s instructions.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Stay on your prescribed diet and exercise program while taking XIGDUO XR.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>XIGDUO XR will cause your urine to test positive for glucose.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Your healthcare provider may do certain blood tests before you start XIGDUO XR and during your treatment.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Your healthcare provider will check your diabetes with regular blood tests, including your blood sugar levels and your A1c.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for treating low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Talk to your healthcare provider if low blood sugar is a problem for you.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption>If you miss a dose of XIGDUO XR, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. </item> <item> <caption>•</caption>If you take too much XIGDUO XR, call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.</item> </list> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">What should I avoid while taking XIGDUO XR?</content> </paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption>Avoid drinking alcohol very often, or drinking a lot of alcohol in a short period of time (“binge” drinking). It can increase your chances of getting serious side effects.</item> </list> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">What are the possible side effects of XIGDUO XR?</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">XIGDUO XR may cause serious side effects including:</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>See “<content styleCode="bold">What is the most important information I should know about XIGDUO XR?</content>” </paragraph> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">Dehydration</content>. XIGDUO XR can cause some people to become dehydrated (the loss of body water and salt). Dehydration may cause you to feel dizzy, faint, lightheaded, or weak, especially when you stand up (orthostatic hypotension). </item> <item> <caption> </caption>You may be at a higher risk of dehydration if you:<list listType="ordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>have low blood pressure</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>take medicines to lower your blood pressure, including water pills (diuretics)</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>are 65 years of age or older</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>are on a low salt diet</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>have kidney problems</item> </list> </item> <item> <caption> </caption>Talk to your healthcare provider about what you can do to prevent dehydration including how much fluid you should drink on a daily basis.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">Ketoacidosis (increased ketones in your blood or urine)</content>. Ketoacidosis has happened in people who have <content styleCode="bold">type 1 diabetes</content> or <content styleCode="bold">type 2 diabetes</content>, during treatment with dapagliflozin, one of the medicines in XIGDUO XR. Ketoacidosis has also happened in people with diabetes who were sick or who had surgery during treatment with XIGDUO XR. Ketoacidosis is a serious condition, which may need to be treated in a hospital. Ketoacidosis may lead to death. <content styleCode="bold">Ketoacidosis can happen with XIGDUO XR even if your blood sugar is less than 250 mg/dL. Stop taking XIGDUO XR and call your healthcare provider right away if you get any of the following symptoms:</content> </item> </list> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" styleCode="Lrule " valign="top"/> <td valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption> </caption> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>nausea</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>vomiting</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>stomach area (abdominal) pain</item> </list> </item> </list> </td> <td colspan="6" styleCode="Rrule " valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>tiredness </item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>trouble breathing</item> </list> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule " valign="top"> <list listType="ordered"> <item> <caption> </caption>If you get any of these symptoms during treatment with XIGDUO XR, if possible check for ketones in your urine, even if your blood sugar is less than 250 mg/dL.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">Kidney problems</content>. Sudden kidney injury has happened to people taking XIGDUO XR. Call your healthcare provider right away if you: <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>reduce the amount of food or liquid you drink, for example, if you are sick and cannot eat or</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>you start to lose liquids from your body, for example, from vomiting, diarrhea, or being in the sun too long.</item> </list> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">Serious urinary tract infections</content>. Serious urinary tract infections that may lead to hospitalization have happened in people who are taking dapagliflozin, one of the medicines in XIGDUO XR. Tell your healthcare provider if you have any signs or symptoms of a urinary tract infection, such as a burning feeling when passing urine, a need to urinate often, the need to urinate right away, pain in the lower part of your stomach (pelvis), or blood in the urine. Sometimes people also may have a fever, back pain, nausea or vomiting. </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)</content>. If you take XIGDUO XR with another medicine that can cause low blood sugar, such as sulfonylureas or insulin, your risk of getting low blood sugar is higher. The dose of your sulfonylurea medicine or insulin may need to be lowered while you take XIGDUO XR. Signs and symptoms of low blood sugar may include:</item> </list> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" styleCode="Lrule " valign="top"/> <td valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption> </caption> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>headache</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>shaking or feeling jittery</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>dizziness</item> </list> </item> </list> </td> <td colspan="3" valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>weakness </item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>sweating</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>fast heartbeat</item> </list> </td> <td colspan="2" valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>confusion </item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>drowsiness</item> </list> </td> <td styleCode="Rrule " valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>irritability </item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>hunger</item> </list> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule " valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">A rare but serious bacterial infection that causes damage to the tissue under the skin (necrotizing fasciitis) in the area between and around the anus and genitals (perineum)</content>. Necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum has happened in women and men who take dapagliflozin, one of the medicines in XIGDUO XR. Necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum may lead to hospitalization, may require multiple surgeries and may lead to death. <content styleCode="bold">Seek medical attention immediately if you have fever or you are feeling very weak, tired or uncomfortable (malaise) and you develop any of the following symptoms in the area between and around the anus and genitals:</content> </item> </list> </td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode="Lrule " valign="top"/> <td colspan="4" valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption> </caption> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>pain or tenderness</item> </list> </item> </list> </td> <td colspan="3" valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>swelling</item> </list> </td> <td colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule " valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>redness of skin (erythema)</item> </list> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule " valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">Low vitamin B12 (vitamin B12 deficiency)</content>. Using metformin for long periods of time may cause a decrease in the amount of vitamin B12 in your blood, especially if you have had low vitamin B12 levels before. Your healthcare provider may do blood tests to check your vitamin B12 levels.</item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">Vaginal yeast infection</content>. Women who take XIGDUO XR may get vaginal yeast infections. Symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection include:<list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>vaginal odor</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>white or yellowish vaginal discharge (discharge may be lumpy or look like cottage cheese)</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>vaginal itching</item> </list> </item> <item> <caption>•</caption> <content styleCode="bold">Yeast infection of the penis (balanitis)</content>. Men who take XIGDUO XR may get a yeast infection of the skin around the penis. Certain men who are not circumcised may have swelling of the penis that makes it difficult to pull back the skin around the tip of the penis. Other symptoms of yeast infection of the penis include:<list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>redness, itching, or swelling of the penis</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>rash of the penis</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>foul smelling discharge from the penis</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>pain in the skin around the penis</item> </list> </item> <item> <caption> </caption>Talk to your healthcare provider about what to do if you get symptoms of a yeast infection of the vagina or penis. Your healthcare provider may suggest you use an over-the-counter antifungal medicine. Talk to your healthcare provider right away if you use an over-the-counter antifungal medication and your symptoms do not go away.</item> </list> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">The most common side effects of XIGDUO XR include</content>:</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" styleCode="Lrule " valign="top"/> <td colspan="4" valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption> </caption> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>vaginal yeast infections and yeast infections of the penis</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>diarrhea</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>headache</item> </list> </item> </list> </td> <td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule " valign="top"> <list listType="unordered"> <item> <caption>∘</caption>stuffy or runny nose and sore throat</item> <item> <caption>∘</caption>urinary tract infection</item> </list> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Tell your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you have any side effect that bothers you or does not go away.</paragraph> <paragraph>These are not all of the possible side effects of XIGDUO XR. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.</paragraph> <paragraph>Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">How should I store XIGDUO XR?</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Store XIGDUO XR at room temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C). </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Keep XIGDUO XR and all medicines out of the reach of children.</content> </paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">General information about the safe and effective use of XIGDUO XR</content> </paragraph> <paragraph>Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use XIGDUO XR for a condition for which it is not prescribed. Do not give XIGDUO XR to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them. </paragraph> <paragraph>This Medication Guide summarizes the most important information about XIGDUO XR. If you would like more information, talk to your healthcare provider. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about XIGDUO XR that is written for healthcare professionals.</paragraph> <paragraph>For more information, go to www.xigduoxr.com or call 1-800-236-9933.</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top"> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">What are the ingredients of XIGDUO XR?</content> </paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Active ingredients:</content> dapagliflozin and metformin hydrochloride</paragraph> <paragraph> <content styleCode="bold">Inactive ingredients:</content> microcrystalline cellulose, lactose anhydrous, crospovidone, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, and hypromellose.</paragraph> <paragraph>The film coatings contain the following inactive ingredients: polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, and talc. Additionally, the film coating for the XIGDUO XR 5 mg/500 mg tablets contains FD&amp;C Yellow No. 6/Sunset Yellow FCF Aluminum Lake and the film coating for the XIGDUO XR 2.5 mg/1000 mg, 5 mg/1000 mg, 10 mg/500 mg, and 10 mg/1000 mg tablets contains iron oxides.</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"> <paragraph>Distributed by: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP Wilmington, DE 19850                                                      Revised 2/2020</paragraph> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </text> <effectiveTime value="20200203"/> </section>

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